Irritant Contact Dermatitis Questions & Answers

1. [Guideline] Fonacier L, Bernstein DI, Pacheco K, et al. Contact dermatitis: a practice parameter-update 2015. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015 May-Jun. 3 (3 Suppl):S1-39. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. [Guideline] Brasch J, Becker D, Aberer W, Bircher A, Kränke B, Jung K, et al. Guideline contact dermatitis: S1-Guidelines of the German Contact Allergy Group (DKG) of the German Dermatology Society (DDG), the Information Network of Dermatological Clinics (IVDK), the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the Working Group for Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (ABD) of the DDG, the Medical Association of German Allergologists (AeDA), the Professional Association of German Dermatologists (BVDD) and the DDG. Allergo J Int. 2014. 23 (4):126-138. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Lee HY, Stieger M, Yawalkar N, Kakeda M. Cytokines and chemokines in irritant contact dermatitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2013. 2013:916497. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Watkins SA, Maibach HI. The hardening phenomenon in irritant contact dermatitis: an interpretative update. Contact Dermatitis. 2009 Mar. 60(3):123-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Fluhr JW, Akengin A, Bornkessel A, Fuchs S, Praessler J, Norgauer J, et al. Additive impairment of the barrier function by mechanical irritation, occlusion and sodium lauryl sulphate in vivo. Br J Dermatol. 2005 Jul. 153(1):125-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Jacobs JJ, Lehé CL, Hasegawa H, Elliott GR, Das PK. Skin irritants and contact sensitizers induce Langerhans cell migration and maturation at irritant concentration. Exp Dermatol. 2006 Jun. 15(6):432-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Heinemann C, Paschold C, Fluhr J, Wigger-Alberti W, Schliemann-Willers S, Farwanah H, et al. Induction of a hardening phenomenon by repeated application of SLS: analysis of lipid changes in the stratum corneum. Acta Derm Venereol. 2005. 85(4):290-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. de Jongh CM, Khrenova L, Verberk MM, Calkoen F, van Dijk FJ, Voss H, et al. Loss-of-function polymorphisms in the filaggrin gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to chronic irritant contact dermatitis: a case-control study. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Sep. 159(3):621-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Visser MJ, Landeck L, Campbell LE, McLean WH, Weidinger S, Calkoen F, et al. Impact of atopic dermatitis and loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene on the development of occupational irritant contact dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Feb. 168 (2):326-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Pelletier JL, Perez C, Jacob SE. Contact Dermatitis in Pediatrics. Pediatr Ann. 2016 Aug 1. 45 (8):e287-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Robinson AJ, Foster RS, Halbert AR, King E, Orchard D. Granular parakeratosis induced by benzalkonium chloride exposure from laundry rinse aids. Australas J Dermatol. 2016 Sep 19. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Higgins CL, Palmer AM, Cahill JL, Nixon RL. Occupational skin disease among Australian healthcare workers: a retrospective analysis from an occupational dermatology clinic, 1993-2014. Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Oct. 75 (4):213-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Kartono F, Maibach HI. Irritants in combination with a synergistic or additive effect on the skin response: an overview of tandem irritation studies. Contact Dermatitis. 2006 Jun. 54(6):303-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Löffler H, Kampf G, Schmermund D, Maibach HI. How irritant is alcohol?. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Jul. 157(1):74-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Weston WL, Morelli JG. Dermatitis under soccer shin guards: allergy or contact irritant reaction?. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006 Jan-Feb. 23(1):19-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Schmid-Wendtner MH, Korting HC. The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2006. 19(6):296-302. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Deleo VA, Alexis A, Warshaw EM, Sasseville D, Maibach HI, DeKoven J, et al. The Association of Race/Ethnicity and Patch Test Results: North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 1998-2006. Dermatitis. 2016 Sep-Oct. 27 (5):288-292. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Callahan A, Baron E, Fekedulegn D, Kashon M, Yucesoy B, Johnson VJ, et al. Winter season, frequent hand washing, and irritant patch test reactions to detergents are associated with hand dermatitis in health care workers. Dermatitis. 2013 Jul-Aug. 24 (4):170-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Forrester BG, Roth VS. Hand dermatitis in intensive care units. J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Oct. 40(10):881-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Cvetkovski RS, Rothman KJ, Olsen J, Mathiesen B, Iversen L, Johansen JD, et al. Relation between diagnoses on severity, sick leave and loss of job among patients with occupational hand eczema. Br J Dermatol. 2005 Jan. 152(1):93-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Dickel H, Kuss O, Schmidt A, Kretz J, Diepgen TL. Importance of irritant contact dermatitis in occupational skin disease. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002. 3(4):283-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Mangion SM, Beulke SH, Braitberg G. Hydrofluoric acid burn from a household rust remover. Med J Aust. 2001 Sep 3. 175(5):270-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Basketter DA, Marriott M, Gilmour NJ, White IR. Strong irritants masquerading as skin allergens: the case of benzalkonium chloride. Contact Dermatitis. 2004 Apr. 50(4):213-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Fowler JF, Zirwas MJ, eds. Fisher's Contact Dermatitis. 7th ed. Contact Dermatitis Institute; 2019.

25. Lakshmi C, Srinivas CR, Anand CV, Mathew AC. Irritancy ranking of 31 cleansers in the Indian market in a 24-h patch test. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Aug. 30(4):277-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Menne T, Johansen JD, Sommerlund M, Veien NK. Hand eczema guidelines based on the Danish guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis. 2011 Jul. 65(1):3-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Levin C, Zhai H, Bashir S, Chew AL, Anigbogu A, Stern R, et al. Efficacy of corticosteroids in acute experimental irritant contact dermatitis?. Skin Res Technol. 2001 Nov. 7(4):214-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Fuchs M, Schliemann-Willers S, Heinemann C, Elsner P. Tacrolimus enhances irritation in a 5-day human irritancy in vivo model. Contact Dermatitis. 2002 May. 46(5):290-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Savina Aneja, MD Dermatologist, Bay Area Dermatology Associates

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD Dermatologic/Mohs Surgeon, The Surgery Center at Plano Dermatology

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Paul Krusinski, MD Director of Dermatology, Fletcher Allen Health Care; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Paul Krusinski, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Physicians, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

William D James, MD Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, Vice-Chairman, Residency Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Elsevier; WebMD<br/>Served as a speaker for various universities, dermatology societies, and dermatology departments.

Daniel J Hogan, MD Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine; Investigator, Hill Top Research, Florida Research Center

Daniel J Hogan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Contact Dermatitis Society, Canadian Dermatology Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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