Pseudomonas Folliculitis Questions & Answers

1. Gregory DW, Schaffner W. Pseudomonas infections associated with hot tubs and other environments. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1987 Sep. 1(3):635-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Highsmith AK, Le PN, Khabbaz RF, Munn VP. Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from whirlpools and bathers. Infect Control. 1985 Oct. 6(10):407-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. McCausland WJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa rash associated with whirlpool. JAMA. 1976 Nov 29. 236(22):2490-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Price D, Ahearn DG. Incidence and persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in whirlpools. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Sep. 26(9):1650-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Ratnam S, Hogan K, March SB, Butler RW. Whirlpool-associated folliculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: report of an outbreak and review. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Mar. 23(3):655-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Rose HD, Franson TR, Sheth NK, Chusid MJ, Macher AM, Zeirdt CH. Pseudomonas pneumonia associated with use of a home whirlpool spa. JAMA. 1983 Oct 21. 250(15):2027-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Jacobson JA. Pool-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa dermatitis and other bathing-associated infections. Infect Control. 1985 Oct. 6(10):398-401. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Hlavsa MC, Cikesh BL, Roberts VA, Kahler AM, Vigar M, Hilborn ED, et al. Outbreaks Associated with Treated Recreational Water - United States, 2000-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 May 18. 67 (19):547-551. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Lacour JP, el Baze P, Castanet J, Dubois D, Poudenx M, Ortonne JP. Diving suit dermatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Dec. 31(6):1055-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Saltzer KR, Schutzer PJ, Weinberg JM, Tangoren IA, Spiers EM. Diving suit dermatitis: a manifestation of Pseudomonas folliculitis. Cutis. 1997 May. 59(5):245-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Bottone EJ, Perez AA 2nd, Oeser JL. Loofah sponges as reservoirs and vehicles in the transmission of potentially pathogenic bacterial species to human skin. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb. 32(2):469-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Frenkel LM. Pseudomonas folliculitis from sponges promoted as beauty aids. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Oct. 31(10):2838. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Maniatis AN, Karkavitsas C, Maniatis NA, Tsiftsakis E, Genimata V, Legakis NJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis due to non-O:11 serogroups: acquisition through use of contaminated synthetic sponges. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Aug. 21(2):437-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Schets FM, van den Berg HH, Baan R, Lynch G, de Roda Husman AM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa on vinyl-canvas inflatables and foam teaching aids in swimming pools. J Water Health. 2014 Dec. 12 (4):772-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Böni R, Nehrhoff B. Treatment of gram-negative folliculitis in patients with acne. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003. 4(4):273-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Roser DJ, van den Akker B, Boase S, Haas CN, Ashbolt NJ, Rice SA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa dose response and bathing water infection. Epidemiol Infect. 2014 Mar. 142(3):449-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Teraki Y, Nakamura K. Rubbing skin with nylon towels as a major cause of pseudomonas folliculitis in a Japanese population. J Dermatol. 2015 Jan. 42 (1):81-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Evans MR, Wilkinson EJ, Jones R, Mathias K, Lenartowicz P. Presumed Pseudomonas folliculitis outbreak in children following an outdoor games event. Commun Dis Public Health. 2003 Apr. 6(1):18-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Fox AB, Hambrick GW Jr. Recreationally associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis. Report of an epidemic. Arch Dermatol. 1984 Oct. 120(10):1304-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Yu Y, Cheng AS, Wang L, Dunne WM, Bayliss SJ. Hot tub folliculitis or hot hand-foot syndrome caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Oct. 57(4):596-600. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Gustafson TL, Band JD, Hutcheson RH Jr, Schaffner W. Pseudomonas folliculitis: an outbreak and review. Rev Infect Dis. 1983 Jan-Feb. 5(1):1-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Malterud K, Thesen J. [Whirlpool and pseudomonas infection--a local outbreak]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2007 Jun 28. 127(13):1779-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Mena KD, Gerba CP. Risk assessment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2009. 201:71-115. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. MMWR. An outbreak of Pseudomonas folliculitis associated with a waterslide--Utah. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1983 Aug 19. 32(32):425-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Tate D, Mawer S, Newton A. Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis associated with a swimming pool inflatable. Epidemiol Infect. 2003 Apr. 130(2):187-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Lutz JK, Lee J. Prevalence and antimicrobial-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in swimming pools and hot tubs. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Feb. 8(2):554-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

27. Matsui K, Okazaki K, Horikoshi Y, Kakinuma R, Kondo M. A case of congenital folliculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a preterm neonate. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2017 Feb 28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Berger RS, Seifert MR. Whirlpool folliculitis: a review of its cause, treatment, and prevention. Cutis. 1990 Feb. 45(2):97-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Tohyama M, Hamada M, Harada D, Kozuki T, Nogami N, Monden N, et al. Clinical features and treatment of epidermal growth factor inhibitor-related late-phase papulopustular rash. J Dermatol. 2020 Feb. 47 (2):121-127. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Agger WA, Mardan A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of intact skin. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Feb. 20(2):302-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Ratnam S, Hogan K, March SB, Butler RW. Whirlpool-associated folliculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: report of an outbreak and review. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Mar. 23(3):655-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy Swimming/Recreational Water. Your Disinfection Team: Chlorine & pH. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/pools/disinfection-team-chlorine-ph.html. Accessed: September 12, 2014.

Charles B Toner, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F Edward Hebert School of Medicine; Mohs Surgeon, Skin Cancer Surgery Center; Mohs Surgeon, Charles County Dermatology; Mohs Surgeon, Georgia Dermatology and Skin Cancer Center

Charles B Toner, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Surgery, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, Association of Military Dermatologists, American Medical Association, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Stephen J Krivda, MD Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Chief of the Integrated Department of Dermatology, Chief of Dermatology Service, Director of Dermatopathology, Staff Dermatopathologist, Walter Reed Army Medical Center; Head, Department of Dermatology, Staff Dermatologist and Dermatopathologist, National Naval Medical Center

Stephen J Krivda, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Association of Military Dermatologists, American Society of Dermatopathology, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD Dermatologic/Mohs Surgeon, The Surgery Center at Plano Dermatology

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lester F Libow, MD Dermatopathologist, South Texas Dermatopathology Laboratory

Lester F Libow, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dirk M Elston, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine

Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Leonard Sperling, MD Chair, Professor, Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Leonard Sperling, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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