Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE) Questions & Answers

1. Biazar C, Sigges J, Patsinakidis N, Ruland V, Amler S, Bonsmann G, et al. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: first multicenter database analysis of 1002 patients from the European Society of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (EUSCLE). Autoimmun Rev. 2013 Jan. 12(3):444-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Lin JH, Dutz JP, Sontheimer RD, Werth VP. Pathophysiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2007 Oct. 33(1-2):85-106. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Braunstein I, Klein R, Okawa J, Werth VP. The interferon-regulated gene signature is elevated in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus and correlates with the cutaneous lupus area and severity index score. Br J Dermatol. 2012 May. 166(5):971-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

4. Klein LR, Elmets CA, Callen JP. Photoexacerbation of cutaneous lupus erythematosus due to ultraviolet A emissions from a photocopier. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Aug. 38(8):1152-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Grönhagen CM, Fored CM, Linder M, Granath F, Nyberg F. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and its association with drugs: a population-based matched case-control study of 234 patients in Sweden. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Aug. 167(2):296-305. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Reed BR, Huff JC, Jones SK, Orton PW, Lee LA, Norris DA. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with hydrochlorothiazide therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Jul. 103(1):49-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Bentley DD, Graves JE, Smith DI, Heffernan MP. Efalizumab-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 May. 54(5 Suppl):S242-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Bezerra EL, Vilar MJ, da Trindade Neto PB, Sato EI. Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of clofazimine compared with chloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Oct. 52(10):3073-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Cassis TB, Callen JP. Bupropion-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Australas J Dermatol. 2005 Nov. 46(4):266-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Farhi D, Viguier M, Cosnes A, Reygagne P, Dubertret L, Revuz J, et al. Terbinafine-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Dermatology. 2006. 212(1):59-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Wiznia LE, Subtil A, Choi JN. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus induced by chemotherapy: gemcitabine as a causative agent. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Sep. 149(9):1071-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Brunasso A, Aberer W, Massone C. Subacute lupus erythematosus during treatment with golimumab for seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Lupus. 2014. 23(2):201-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Wilkerson E, Hazey MA, Bahrami S, Callen JP. Golimumab-exacerbated subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 2012 Oct. 148(10):1186-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Rocha A, Almeida HL Jr, Zerwes G, Oliveira Filho UL. Capecitabine-induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. An Bras Dermatol. 2019 Sep - Oct. 94 (5):618-619. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Blakeway EA, Elshimy N, Muinonen-Martin A, Marples M, Mathew B, Mitra A. Cutaneous lupus associated with pembrolizumab therapy for advanced melanoma: a report of three cases. Melanoma Res. 2019 Jun. 29 (3):338-341. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Zitouni NB, Arnault JP, Dadban A, Attencourt C, Lok CC, Chaby G. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus induced by nivolumab: two case reports and a literature review. Melanoma Res. 2019 Apr. 29 (2):212-215. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Lowe G, Henderson CL, Grau RH, Hansen CB, Sontheimer RD. A systematic review of drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Mar. 164(3):465-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Durosaro O, Davis MD, Reed KB, Rohlinger AL. Incidence of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 1965-2005: a population-based study. Arch Dermatol. 2009 Mar. 145 (3):249-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Guicciardi F, Atzori L, Marzano AV, Tavecchio S, Girolomoni G, Colato C, et al. Are there distinct clinical and pathological features distinguishing idiopathic from drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus? A European retrospective multicenter study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Aug. 81 (2):403-411. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Cohen MR, Crosby D. Systemic disease in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a controlled comparison with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 1994 Sep. 21 (9):1665-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Tiao J, Feng R, Carr K, Okawa J, Werth VP. Using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria to determine the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Feb 18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Sontheimer RD. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Dermatol. 1985 Jul-Sep. 3 (3):58-68. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Callen JP, Kulick KB, Stelzer G, Fowler JF. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic studies of forty-nine patients seen in a nonreferral setting. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986 Dec. 15(6):1227-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Haimowitz JE, McCauliffe DP, Seykora J, Werth VP. Annular erythema of Sjögren's syndrome in a white woman. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Jun. 42 (6):1069-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Tebbe B, Mansmann U, Wollina U, Auer-Grumbach P, Licht-Mbalyohere A, Arensmeier M, et al. Markers in cutaneous lupus erythematosus indicating systemic involvement. A multicenter study on 296 patients. Acta Derm Venereol. 1997 Jul. 77 (4):305-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. David-Bajar KM, Bennion SD, DeSpain JD, Golitz LE, Lee LA. Clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescent distinctions between subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol. 1992 Sep. 99 (3):251-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Rothfield N, Sontheimer RD, Bernstein M. Lupus erythematosus: systemic and cutaneous manifestations. Clin Dermatol. 2006 Sep-Oct. 24 (5):348-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Hejazi EZ, Werth VP. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: An Update on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2016 Feb 12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Herzinger T, Plewig G, Röcken M. Use of sunscreens to protect against ultraviolet-induced lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Sep. 50(9):3045-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Stege H, Budde MA, Grether-Beck S, Richard A, Rougier A, Krutmann J. Evaluation of the capacity of sunscreens to photoprotect lupus erythematosus patients by employing the photoprovocation test. Eur J Dermatol. 2002 Jul-Aug. 12(4):VII-IX. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Kuhn A, Gensch K, Haust M, Meuth AM, Boyer F, Dupuy P, et al. Photoprotective effects of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in ultraviolet-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Jan. 64(1):37-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Chang AY, Piette EW, Foering KP, Tenhave TR, Okawa J, Werth VP. Response to antimalarial agents in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a prospective analysis. Arch Dermatol. 2011 Nov. 147(11):1261-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

33. Francès C, Cosnes A, Duhaut P, Zahr N, Soutou B, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, et al. Low blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine in patients with refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a French multicenter prospective study. Arch Dermatol. 2012 Apr. 148(4):479-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Hofmann SC, Leandro MJ, Morris SD, Isenberg DA. Effects of rituximab-based B-cell depletion therapy on skin manifestations of lupus erythematosus--report of 17 cases and review of the literature. Lupus. 2013 Aug. 22(9):932-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Housman TS, Jorizzo JL, McCarty MA, Grummer SE, Fleischer AB Jr, Sutej PG. Low-dose thalidomide therapy for refractory cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Jan. 139(1):50-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Sticherling M, Bonsmann G, Kuhn A. Diagnostic approach and treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 Jan. 6(1):48-59. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Manzi S, Sánchez-Guerrero J, Merrill JT, Furie R, Gladman D, Navarra SV, et al. Effects of belimumab, a B lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitor, on disease activity across multiple organ domains in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: combined results from two phase III trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Nov. 71 (11):1833-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Cortés-Hernández J, Avila G, Vilardell-Tarrés M, Ordi-Ros J. Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide for refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 Dec 7. 14(6):R265. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

39. Cusack C, Danby C, Fallon JC, Ho WL, Murray B, Brady J, et al. Photoprotective behaviour and sunscreen use: impact on vitamin D levels in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2008 Oct. 24(5):260-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Klaeschen AS, Wenzel J. Upcoming Therapeutic Targets in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematous. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jan 22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. James JA, Kim-Howard XR, Bruner BF, Jonsson MK, McClain MT, Arbuckle MR, et al. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate treatment is associated with later onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2007. 16(6):401-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Jung H, Bobba R, Su J, Shariati-Sarabi Z, Gladman DD, Urowitz M, et al. The protective effect of antimalarial drugs on thrombovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Mar. 62(3):863-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Callen JP, Klein J. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clinical, serologic, immunogenetic, and therapeutic considerations in seventy-two patients. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Aug. 31(8):1007-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Callen JP. Management of "refractory" skin disease in patients with lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005 Oct. 19(5):767-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Callen JP. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a personal approach to management. Australas J Dermatol. 2006 Feb. 47(1):13-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Huber A, Tüting T, Bauer R, Bieber T, Wenzel J. Methotrexate treatment in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: subcutaneous application is as effective as intravenous administration. Br J Dermatol. 2006 Oct. 155(4):861-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Kreuter A, Hyun J, Altmeyer P, Gambichler T. Intravenous immunoglobulin for recalcitrant subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2005. 85(6):545-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Wenzel J, Brähler S, Bauer R, Bieber T, Tüting T. Efficacy and safety of methotrexate in recalcitrant cutaneous lupus erythematosus: results of a retrospective study in 43 patients. Br J Dermatol. 2005 Jul. 153(1):157-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Kreuter A, Tomi NS, Weiner SM, Huger M, Altmeyer P, Gambichler T. Mycophenolate sodium for subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus resistant to standard therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Jun. 156(6):1321-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Elizabeth Brezinski Wallace, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus; Medical Staff, Department of Dermatology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Elizabeth Brezinski Wallace, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, Colorado Dermatologic Society, Medical Dermatology Society, Rheumatologic Dermatology Society, Women's Dermatologic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ruth Ann Vleugels, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Associate Physician, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Boston

Ruth Ann Vleugels, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Rheumatology, American Medical Association, Society for Investigative Dermatology, Medical Dermatology Society, Dermatology Foundation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey P Callen, MD Professor of Medicine (Dermatology), Chief, Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville School of Medicine

Jeffrey P Callen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology

Disclosure: Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Biogen US (Adjudicator for study entry cutaneous lupus erythematosus); Priovant (Adjudicator for entry into a dermatomyositis study); IQVIA (Serono - adjudicator for a study of cutaneous LE) <br/>Received honoraria from UpToDate for author/editor; Received royalty from Elsevier for book author/editor; Received dividends from trust accounts, but I do not control these accounts, and have directed our managers to divest pharmaceutical stocks as is fiscally prudent from Stock holdings in various trust accounts include some pharmaceutical companies and device makers for these trust accounts for: Stocks held in various trust accounts: Allergen; Amgen; Pfizer; 3M; Johnson and Johnson; Merck; Abbott Laboratories; AbbVie; Procter and Gamble;; Celgene; Gilead; CVS; Walgreens; Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD Dermatologic/Mohs Surgeon, The Surgery Center at Plano Dermatology

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lester F Libow, MD Dermatopathologist, South Texas Dermatopathology Laboratory

Lester F Libow, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

William D James, MD Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, Vice-Chairman, Residency Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Elsevier; WebMD<br/>Served as a speaker for various universities, dermatology societies, and dermatology departments.

Janice Lin, MD, MPH Clinical Instructor, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine

Janice Lin, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology, Medical Dermatology Society, Rheumatologic Dermatology Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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