Miliaria Questions & Answers

1. Champion RH. Disorders of sweat glands. Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM, eds. Textbook of Dermatology. 6th ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1998. 1997-9.

2. Wenzel FG, Horn TD. Nonneoplastic disorders of the eccrine glands. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Jan. 38(1):1-17; quiz 18-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Ale I, Lachapelle JM, Maibach HI. Skin tolerability associated with transdermal drug delivery systems: an overview. Adv Ther. 2009 Oct. 26(10):920-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Cui CY, Ishii R, Campbell DP, Michel M, Piao Y, Kume T, et al. Foxc1 Ablated Mice Are Anhidrotic and Recapitulate Features of Human Miliaria Sweat Retention Disorder. J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Jan. 137 (1):38-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Holzle E, Kligman AM. The pathogenesis of miliaria rubra. Role of the resident microflora. Br J Dermatol. 1978 Aug. 99(2):117-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Kravvas G, Veitch D, Al-Niaimi F. The increasing relevance of biofilms in common dermatological conditions. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018 Mar. 29 (2):202-207. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Mowad CM, McGinley KJ, Foglia A, Leyden JJ. The role of extracellular polysaccharide substance produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis in miliaria. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Nov. 33(5 Pt 1):729-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Carter R 3rd, Garcia AM, Souhan BE. Patients presenting with miliaria while wearing flame resistant clothing in high ambient temperatures: a case series. J Med Case Reports. 2011. 5(1):474. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Argoubi H, Fitchner C, Richard O, Lavocat MP, Cambazard F, Stephan JL. [Pustular miliaria rubra and systemic type 1b pseudohypoaldosteronism in a newborn]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Mar. 134(3 Pt 1):253-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Urbatsch A, Paller AS. Pustular miliaria rubra: a specific cutaneous finding of type I pseudohypoaldosteronism. Pediatr Dermatol. 2002 Jul-Aug. 19(4):317-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Akcakus M, Koklu E, Poyrazoglu H, Kurtoglu S. Newborn with pseudohypoaldosteronism and miliaria rubra. Int J Dermatol. 2006 Dec. 45(12):1432-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Tabanelli M, Passarini B, Liguori R, Balestri R, Gaspari V, Giacomini F, et al. Erythematous papules on the parasternal region in a 76-year-old man. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008 May. 33(3):369-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Haas N, Martens F, Henz BM. Miliaria crystallina in an intensive care setting. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2004 Jan. 29(1):32-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Madison KC, Voorhees JJ. Miliaria crystallina occurring in a patient treated with isotretinoin. Cutis. 1986 Oct. 38(4):275-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Godkar D, Razaq M, Fernandez G. Rare skin disorder complicating doxorubicin therapy: miliaria crystallina. Am J Ther. 2005 May-Jun. 12(3):275-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Kumar S, Mahajan BB, Kaur S, Singh A. Erythropoietin induced miliaria crystallina: A possible new adverse effect of erythropoietin. Int J Case Rep Images. 2014. 5(9):634–637. [Full Text].

17. Shuster S. Duct disruption, a new explanation of miliaria. Acta Derm Venereol. 1997 Jan. 77(1):1-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Hidano A, Purwoko R, Jitsukawa K. Statistical survey of skin changes in Japanese neonates. Pediatr Dermatol. 1986 Feb. 3(2):140-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Moosavi Z, Hosseini T. One-year survey of cutaneous lesions in 1000 consecutive Iranian newborns. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006 Jan-Feb. 23(1):61-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Huda M, Saha P. Pattern of dermatosis among pediatric patients attending a medical college hospital in northeastern region of India. Indian J Dermatol. 2009. 49:189.

21. Gopinath H, Karthiga R, Karthikeyan K. A cross-sectional study of sweat-induced dermatitis during a South Indian summer: a glimpse of sweat gland-mediated cutaneous inflammation. Int J Dermatol. 2019 Jan. 58 (1):86-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Arpey CJ, Nagashima-Whalen LS, Chren MM, Zaim MT. Congenital miliaria crystallina: case report and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol. 1992 Sep. 9(3):283-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Straka BF, Cooper PH, Greer KE. Congenital miliaria crystallina. Cutis. 1991 Feb. 47(2):103-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Haas N, Henz BM, Weigel H. Congenital miliaria crystallina. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Nov. 47(5 Suppl):S270-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Kirk JF, Wilson BB, Chun W, Cooper PH. Miliaria profunda. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996 Nov. 35(5 Pt 2):854-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Haque MS, Hailu T, Pritchett E, Cusack CA, Allen HB. The oldest new finding in atopic dermatitis: subclinical miliaria as an origin. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Apr. 149(4):436-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Doshi BR, Mahajan S, Kharkar V, Khopkar US. Granulomatous Variant of Giant Centrifugal Miliaria Profunda. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012 Jan 26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Al-Hilo, Maytham M, Al-Saedy SJ, Alwan AI. Atypical Presentation of Miliaria in Iraqi Patients Attending Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital in Baghdad: A Clinical Descriptive Study. American Journal of Dermatology and Venereology. 2012. 41-6.

29. Mohanan S, Behera B, Chandrashekar L, Kar R, Thappa DM. Bull's-eye pattern in miliaria rubra. Australas J Dermatol. 2013 Jun 28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Tey HL, Tay EY, Cao T. In vivo imaging of miliaria profunda using high-definition optical coherence tomography: diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. JAMA Dermatol. 2015 Mar. 151 (3):346-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Nikki A Levin, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School

Nikki A Levin, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Women's Dermatologic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD Dermatologic/Mohs Surgeon, The Surgery Center at Plano Dermatology

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Rosalie Elenitsas, MD Herman Beerman Professor of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Director, Penn Cutaneous Pathology Services, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Health System

Rosalie Elenitsas, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, American Society of Dermatopathology, Pennsylvania Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Received royalty from Lippincott Williams Wilkins for textbook editor.

Dirk M Elston, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine

Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Janet Fairley, MD Professor and Head, Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine

Janet Fairley, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Federation for Medical Research, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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