Laboratory Studies

The diagnosis is made clinically.

Procedures

A skin biopsy is sometimes performed to exclude other cutaneous diseases, such as lupus or sarcoidosis.

Histologic Findings

The histologic features of rosacea depend on the stage of disease. Nonpustular lesions show a nonspecific perivascular and perifollicular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, accompanied by occasional multinucleated cells, plasma cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Papulopustular lesions demonstrate more pronounced granulomatous inflammation and sometimes perifollicular abscesses. Demodex folliculorum may be abundant in nearby follicles. See the image below.

Histopathology of rosacea. Perifollicular chronic inflammation and vascular ectasia. Courtesy of Dirk Elston, MD.

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Treatment & Management

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Media Gallery

Histopathology of rosacea. Perifollicular chronic inflammation and vascular ectasia. Courtesy of Dirk Elston, MD.
Mild papules and erythema. Courtesy of DermNet New Zealand (https://www.dermnetnz.org/imagedetail/2367).
Moderate papules and early pustules. Courtesy of DermNet New Zealand (https://www.dermnetnz.org/imagedetail/2369).
Severe erythema, papules, and pustules. Courtesy of DermNet New Zealand (https://www.dermnetnz.org/imagedetail/2371).

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Author

Agnieszka Kupiec Banasikowska, MD Consulting Staff, Georgetown Dermatology, PLLC

Agnieszka Kupiec Banasikowska, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Danielle Bolton, BS Medical Assistant, Georgetown Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Christen M Mowad, MD Professor, Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center

Christen M Mowad, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, Noah Worcester Dermatological Society, Pennsylvania Academy of Dermatology, American Academy of Dermatology, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

William D James, MD Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, Vice-Chairman, Residency Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Elsevier; WebMD<br/>Served as a speaker for various universities, dermatology societies, and dermatology departments.

Additional Contributors

Saurabh Singh, MD Staff Physician, Department of Dermatology, Georgetown University/Washington Hospital Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Andrea Leigh Zaenglein, MD Professor of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Department of Dermatology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine

Andrea Leigh Zaenglein, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Pediatric Dermatology

Disclosure: Received consulting fee from Galderma for consulting; Received consulting fee from Valeant for consulting; Received consulting fee from Promius for consulting; Received consulting fee from Anacor for consulting; Received grant/research funds from Stiefel for investigator; Received grant/research funds from Astellas for investigator; Received grant/research funds from Ranbaxy for other; Received consulting fee from Ranbaxy for consulting.

Acknowledgements

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors, Ravi Ratnavel, MD, Mana Ogholikhan, MD, and Saurabh Singh, MD, to the development and writing of this article.

Rosacea Workup

Laboratory Studies

Procedures

Histologic Findings

References

Tables

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