Bromhidrosis Medication

1. He J, Wang T, Dong J. A close positive correlation between malodor and sweating as a marker for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis with botulinum toxin A. J Dermatolog Treat. 2011 Jul 31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Guillet G, Zampetti A, Aballain-Colloc ML. Correlation between bacterial population and axillary and plantar bromidrosis: study of 30 patients. Eur J Dermatol. 2000 Jan-Feb. 10(1):41-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Leyden JJ, McGinley KJ, Holzle E, Labows JN, Kligman AM. The microbiology of the human axilla and its relationship to axillary odor. J Invest Dermatol. 1981 Nov. 77(5):413-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Lindsay SL, Holmes S, Corbett AD, Harker M, Bovell DL. Innervation and receptor profiles of the human apocrine (epitrichial) sweat gland: routes for intervention in bromhidrosis. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Sep. 159(3):653-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Natsch A, Derrer S, Flachsmann F, Schmid J. A broad diversity of volatile carboxylic acids, released by a bacterial aminoacylase from axilla secretions, as candidate molecules for the determination of human-body odor type. Chem Biodivers. 2006 Jan. 3(1):1-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Spielman AI, Sunavala G, Harmony JA, et al. Identification and immunohistochemical localization of protein precursors to human axillary odors in apocrine glands and secretions. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Jul. 134(7):813-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Zeng C, Spielman AI, Vowels BR, Leyden JJ, Biemann K, Preti G. A human axillary odorant is carried by apolipoprotein D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jun 25. 93(13):6626-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

8. Sato T, Sonoda T, Itami S, Takayasu S. Predominance of type I 5alpha-reductase in apocrine sweat glands of patients with excessive or abnormal odour derived from apocrine sweat (osmidrosis). Br J Dermatol. 1998 Nov. 139(5):806-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Mao GY, Yang SL, Zheng JH. Cause of axillary bromidrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Feb. 123(2):81e-82e. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Mao GY, Yang SL, Zheng JH. Etiology and management of axillary bromidrosis: a brief review. Int J Dermatol. 2008 Oct. 47(10):1063-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Nakano M, Miwa N, Hirano A, Yoshiura K, Niikawa N. A strong association of axillary osmidrosis with the wet earwax type determined by genotyping of the ABCC11 gene. BMC Genet. 2009 Aug 4. 10:42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

12. Shang D, Zhang X, Sun M, Wei Y, Wen Y. Strong association of the SNP rs17822931 with wet earwax and bromhidrosis in a Chinese family. J Genet. 2013. 92(2):289-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Mancini M, Panasiti V, Devirgiliis V, Pietropaolo V, Fioriti D, Nicosia R, et al. Bromhidrosis induced by sphingomonas paucimobilis: a case report. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009 Jul-Sep. 22(3):845-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Michaud T, Tack B. [Laser hair removal]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2009 Oct. 136 Suppl 6:S330-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Helou J, Haber R, Kechichian E, Tomb R. A case of generalized bromhidrosis following whole-body depilatory laser. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2015. Vol 17(6):318-20.

16. Helou J, Habre M, Soutou B, Maatouk I, Ibrahim T, Tomb R. Reversibility of hyperhidrosis post axillary depilatory laser. Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Mar. Vol 29(2):717-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Eun HC, Kim KH, Lee YS. Unusual body odour due to a nasal foreign body in a child. J Dermatol. 1984 Oct. 11(5):501-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Golding IM. An unusual cause of bromidrosis. Pediatrics. 1965 Nov. 36(5):791-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Katz HP, Katz JR, Bernstein M, Marcin J. Unusual presentation of nasal foreign bodies in children. JAMA. 1979 Apr 6. 241(14):1496. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Lucky AW. Acquired bromhidrosis in an 8-year-old boy secondary to a nasal foreign body. Arch Dermatol. 1991 Jan. 127(1):129. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Moriarty RA. Nasal foreign body presenting as an unusual odor. Am J Dis Child. 1978 Jan. 132(1):97-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Miranda-Sivelo A, Bajo-Del Pozo C, Fructuoso-Castellar A. Unnecessary surgical treatment in a case of olfactory reference syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013 Nov-Dec. 35(6):683.e3-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Bang YH, Kim JH, Paik SW, Park SH, Jackson IT, Lebeda R. Histopathology of apocrine bromhidrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996 Aug. 98(2):288-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Sánchez-Carpintero I, Martín-Gorgojo A, Ruiz-Rodríguez R. Microwave Treatment for Axillary Hyperhidrosis and Bromhidrosis. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2017 Jun. 108 (5):418-422. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Nestor MS, Park H. Safety and Efficacy of Micro-focused Ultrasound Plus Visualization for the Treatment of Axillary Hyperhidrosis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014 Apr. 7 (4):14-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Kunachak S, Wongwaisayawan S, Leelaudomlipi P. Noninvasive treatment of bromidrosis by frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2000 May-Jun. 24(3):198-201. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Lee KG, Kim SA, Yi SM, Kim JH, Kim IH. Subdermal Coagulation Treatment of Axillary Bromhidrosis by 1,444 nm Nd:YAG Laser: A Comparison with Surgical Treatment. Ann Dermatol. 2014 Feb. 26(1):99-102. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Jung SK, Jang HW, Kim HJ, Lee SG, Lee KG, Kim SY. A Prospective, Long-Term Follow-Up Study of 1,444 nm Nd:YAG Laser: A New Modality for Treating Axillary Bromhidrosis. Ann Dermatol. 2014 Apr. 26(2):184-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Heckmann M, Teichmann B, Pause BM, Plewig G. Amelioration of body odor after intracutaneous axillary injection of botulinum toxin A. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Jan. 139(1):57-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Heckmann M, Kutt S, Dittmar S, Hamm H. Making scents: improvement of olfactory profile after botulinum toxin-A treatment in healthy individuals. Dermatol Surg. 2007 Jan. 33(1 Spec No.):S81-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Lee JB, Kim BS, Kim MB, Oh CK, Jang HS, Kwon KS. A case of foul genital odor treated with botulinum toxin A. Dermatol Surg. 2004 Sep. 30(9):1233-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. He J, Wang T, Dong J. A close positive correlation between malodor and sweating as a marker for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis with Botulinum toxin A. J Dermatolog Treat. 2012 Dec. 23(6):461-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Wang T, Dong J, He J. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Treatment in Adolescent Patients with Axillary Bromhidrosis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2018 Apr. 42 (2):560-564. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. He J, Wang T, Dong J. Excision of apocrine glands and axillary superficial fascia as a single entity for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011 Jun 21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Zhao J, Li S, Nabi O, Hu L, Gao X, Luo F. Treatment of axillary bromhidrosis through a mini-incision with subdermal vascular preservation: a retrospective study in 396 patients. Int J Dermatol. 2016 May 21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Li Z, Sun C, Zhang J, Qi Y, Hu J. Excision of apocrine glands with preservation of axillary superficial fascia for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. Dermatol Surg. 2015 May. 41(5):640-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Battal NM, Hata Y. A classic surgical method for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Aug. 100(2):550-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Born G. Surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995 Dec. 96(7):1753. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Fan YM, Wu ZH, Li SF, Chen QX. Axillary osmidrosis treated by partial removal of the skin and subcutaneous tissue en bloc and apocrine gland subcision. Int J Dermatol. 2001 Nov. 40(11):714-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Grazer FM. A noninvasive surgical treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. Clin Dermatol. 1992 Jul-Sep. 10(3):357-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Park DH, Kim TM, Han DG, Ahn KY. A comparative study of the surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis by instrument, manual, and combined subcutaneous shaving procedures. Ann Plast Surg. 1998 Nov. 41(5):488-97. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Wang HJ, Cheng TY, Chen TM. Surgical management of axillary bromidrosis--a modified skoog procedure by an axillary bipedicle flap approach. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996 Sep. 98(3):524-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Wu WH, Ma S, Lin JT, Tang YW, Fang RH, Yeh FL. Surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis: an analysis of 343 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994 Aug. 94(2):288-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. He J, Wang T, Dong J. Excision of apocrine glands and axillary superficial fascia as a single entity for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Jun. 26(6):704-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Wang R, Yang J, Sun J. A minimally invasive procedure for axillary osmidrosis: subcutaneous curettage combined with trimming through a small incision. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2015 Feb. 39(1):106-13.

46. Inaba M, Anthony J, Ezaki T, Mackinstry C. Regeneration of axillary hair and related phenomena after removal of deep dermal and subcutaneous tissue by a special "shaving" technique. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1978 Dec. 4(12):921-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Kim IH, Seo SL, Oh CH. Minimally invasive surgery for axillary osmidrosis: combined operation with CO2 laser and subcutaneous tissue remover. Dermatol Surg. 1999 Nov. 25(11):875-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Lillis PJ, Coleman WP 3rd. Liposuction for treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. Dermatol Clin. 1990 Jul. 8(3):479-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Ou LF, Yan RS, Chen IC, Tang YW. Treatment of axillary bromhidrosis with superficial liposuction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998 Oct. 102(5):1479-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Tung TC. Endoscopic shaver with liposuction for treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Ann Plast Surg. 2001 Apr. 46(4):400-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Seo SH, Jang BS, Oh CK, Kwon KS, Kim MB. Tumescent superficial liposuction with curettage for treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Jan. 22(1):30-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Chung S, Yoo WM, Park YG, Shin KS, Park BY. Ultrasonic surgical aspiration with endoscopic confirmation for osmidrosis. Br J Plast Surg. 2000 Apr. 53(3):212-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Hong JP, Shin HW, Yoo SC, et al. Ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty treatment for axillary bromidrosis: clinical experience of 375 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 Apr 1. 113(4):1264-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Park S. Very superficial ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2000 Jul-Aug. 24(4):275-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

55. He J, Wang T, Zhang Y, Dong J. Surgical treatment of axillary bromhidrosis by combining suction-curettage with subdermal undermining through a miniature incision. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018 Jun. 71 (6):913-918. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

56. Kao TH, Pan HC, Sun MH, Chang CS, Yang DY, Wang YC. Upper thoracic sympathectomy for axillary osmidrosis or bromidrosis. J Clin Neurosci. 2004 Sep. 11(7):719-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Nathaniel Teegee, MD Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Canada

Nathaniel Teegee, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Dermatology, Canadian Dermatology Association, College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia, Doctors of BC

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Wingfield Rehmus, MD, MPH Dermatologist, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia

Wingfield Rehmus, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Pediatric Dermatology

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Abbvie; Valeant Canada<br/> Received honoraria from Valeant Canada for advisory board; Received honoraria from Pierre Fabre for advisory board; Received honoraria from Mustella for advisory board; Received honoraria from Abbvie for advisory board.

David F Butler, MD Former Section Chief of Dermatology, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System; Professor of Dermatology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Founding Chair, Department of Dermatology, Scott and White Clinic

David F Butler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, Association of Military Dermatologists, Phi Beta Kappa, Texas Dermatological Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey J Miller, MD Associate Professor of Dermatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Staff Dermatologist, Pennsylvania State Milton S Hershey Medical Center

Jeffrey J Miller, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Investigative Dermatology, Association of Professors of Dermatology, North American Hair Research Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

William D James, MD Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, Vice-Chairman, Residency Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Elsevier; WebMD<br/>Served as a speaker for various universities, dermatology societies, and dermatology departments.

Timothy McCalmont, MD Director, UCSF Dermatopathology Service, Professor of Clinical Pathology and Dermatology, Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Cutaneous Pathology

Timothy McCalmont, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Medical Association, American Society of Dermatopathology, California Medical Association, College of American Pathologists, United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology

Disclosure: Received consulting fee from Apsara for independent contractor.

Katherine Brown Stanford University School of Medicine

Katherine Brown, is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Student Association/Foundation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Carol E Cheng, MD Attending Physician, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nelly Rubeiz, MD Consulting Staff, Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center; Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Shereen S Timani, MD Staff Physician, Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

What would you like to print?

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article