Palefsky JM, Silverman S Jr, Abdel-Salaam M, Daniels TE, Greenspan JS. Association between proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and infection with human papillomavirus type 16. J Oral Pathol Med. 1995 May. 24(5):193-7. [Medline].
Bagan JV, Jimenez Y, Murillo J, et al. Lack of association between proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and human papillomavirus infection. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Jan. 65(1):46-9. [Medline].
Campisi G, Giovannelli L, Ammatuna P, et al. Proliferative verrucous vs conventional leukoplakia: no significantly increased risk of HPV infection. Oral Oncol. 2004 Sep. 40(8):835-40. [Medline].
Bagan JV, Jimenez Y, Murillo J, et al. Epstein-Barr virus in oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma: A preliminary study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Feb 1. 13(2):E110-3. [Medline].
Aguirre-Urizar JM. Proliferative multifocal leukoplakia better name that proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. World J Surg Oncol. 2011 Oct 10. 9:122. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Kresty LA, Mallery SR, Knobloch TJ, et al. Frequent alterations of p16INK4a and p14ARF in oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Nov. 17(11):3179-87. [Medline].
Gopalakrishnan R, Weghorst CM, Lehman TA, et al. Mutated and wild-type p53 expression and HPV integration in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997 Apr. 83(4):471-7. [Medline].
Kannan R, Bijur GN, Mallery SR, et al. Transforming growth factor-alpha overexpression in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996 Jul. 82(1):69-74. [Medline].
Kahn MA, Dockter ME, Hermann-Petrin JM. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Four cases with flow cytometric analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994 Oct. 78(4):469-75. [Medline].
Klanrit P, Sperandio M, Brown AL, et al. DNA ploidy in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Oral Oncol. 2007 Mar. 43(3):310-6. [Medline].
Hansen LS, Olson JA, Silverman S Jr. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. A long-term study of thirty patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985 Sep. 60(3):285-98. [Medline].
Bagan JV, Murillo J, Poveda R, Gavalda C, Jimenez Y, Scully C. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: unusual locations of oral squamous cell carcinomas, and field cancerization as shown by the appearance of multiple OSCCs. Oral Oncol. 2004 Apr. 40(4):440-3. [Medline].
Zakrzewska JM, Lopes V, Speight P, Hopper C. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a report of ten cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996 Oct. 82(4):396-401. [Medline].
Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a follow-up study of 54 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997 Aug. 84(2):154-7. [Medline].
Batsakis JG, Suarez P, el-Naggar AK. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its related lesions. Oral Oncol. 1999 Jul. 35(4):354-9. [Medline].
Ghazali N, Bakri MM, Zain RB. Aggressive, multifocal oral verrucous leukoplakia: proliferative verrucous leukoplakia or not?. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003 Aug. 32(7):383-92. [Medline].
Bagan JV, Jiménez-Soriano Y, Diaz-Fernandez JM, Murillo-Cortés J, Sanchis-Bielsa JM, Poveda-Roda R, et al. Malignant transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral squamous cell carcinoma: a series of 55 cases. Oral Oncol. 2011 Aug. 47(8):732-5. [Medline].
Gouvêa AF, Moreira AE, Reis RR, de Almeida OP, Lopes MA. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma and axillary metastasis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010 Sep 1. 15(5):e704-8. [Medline].
Cerero-Lapiedra R, Baladé-Martínez D, Moreno-López LA, Esparza-Gómez G, Bagán JV. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a proposal for diagnostic criteria. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010 Nov 1. 15(6):e839-45. [Medline].
Morton TH, Cabay RJ, Epstein JB. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its progression to oral carcinoma: report of three cases. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007 May. 36(5):315-8. [Medline].
Bagan JV, Jimenez Y, Sanchis JM, et al. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: high incidence of gingival squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003 Aug. 32(7):379-82. [Medline].
Abadie WM, Partington EJ, Fowler CB, Schmalbach CE. Optimal Management of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Oct. 153 (4):504-11. [Medline].
Haley JC, Hood AF, Mirowski GW. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia with cutaneous involvement. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999 Sep. 41(3 Pt 1):481-3. [Medline].
Gouvêa AF, Vargas PA, Coletta RD, Jorge J, Lopes MA. Clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of p53, Ki-67, Mcm-2 and Mcm-5 in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2010 Jul. 39(6):447-52. [Medline].
Gouvêa AF, Santos Silva AR, Speight PM, Hunter K, Carlos R, Vargas PA, et al. High incidence of DNA ploidy abnormalities and increased Mcm2 expression may predict malignant change in oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Histopathology. 2013 Mar. 62 (4):551-62. [Medline].
Flores IL, Santos-Silva AR, Coletta RD, Leme AF, Lopes MA. Low expression of angiotensinogen and dipeptidyl peptidase 1 in saliva of patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. World J Clin Cases. 2016 Nov 16. 4 (11):356-363. [Medline].
Cabay RJ, Morton TH Jr, Epstein JB. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its progression to oral carcinoma: a review of the literature. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007 May. 36(5):255-61. [Medline].
Vigliante CE, Quinn PD, Alawi F. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: report of a case with characteristic long-term progression. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 May. 61(5):626-31. [Medline].
Greer RO. Pathology of malignant and premalignant oral epithelial lesions. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2006 Apr. 39(2):249-75, v. [Medline].
Martinez-Lopez A, Blasco-Morente G, Perez-Lopez I, Naranjo-Diaz MJ, Aneiros-Fernandez J, Ruiz-Villaverde R, et al. Successful treatment of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia with 5% topical imiquimod. Dermatol Ther. 2017 Mar. 30 (2):[Medline].
Schoelch ML, Sekandari N, Regezi JA, Silverman S Jr. Laser management of oral leukoplakias: a follow-up study of 70 patients. Laryngoscope. 1999 Jun. 109(6):949-53. [Medline].
Bombeccari GP, Garagiola U, Candotto V, Pallotti F, Carinci F, Giannì AB, et al. Diode laser surgery in the treatment of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia associated with HPV-16 infection. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Dec. 40 (1):16. [Medline].
Femiano F, Gombos F, Scully C. Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL); open trial of surgery compared with combined therapy using surgery and methisoprinol in papillomavirus-related PVL. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001 Aug. 30(4):318-22. [Medline].