Diagnostic Considerations
See the list below:
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Cold panniculitis neonatorum synonymous with adiponecrosis subcutanea
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Sclerema neonatorum synonymous with sclerema adiposum neonatorum
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Chilblain
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Lupus erythematosus panniculitis [13]
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Lymphoma cutis [14]
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Neutrophilic panniculitis [15]
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis [16]
Differential diagnosis also includes poststeroid panniculitis and frostbite. [17]
Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis often presents with multiple subcutaneous nodules and eventuates in a bleeding diathesis. [18]
In endemic areas, cutaneous leishmaniasis may occasionally be part of the differential diagnosis. [19]
Equestrian perniosis is a rare disorder that appears as tender burning nodular plaques on bilateral thighs after riding in the cold; it tends to promptly resolve and has no known significant systemic disease associations. [20] It is histologically characterized by perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate that prominently involves the fat. Equestrian chilblain is also known as equestrian cold panniculitis. [21]
Familial chilblain lupus may be due to a novel mutation in the exonuclease III domain of 3' repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1). [22, 23]
Subcutaneous panniculitis‒like T-cell lymphoma is also in the differential diagnosis. [24, 25]
Differential Diagnoses
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Classic presentation of cold panniculitis with nodular red swellings over the cheeks.
