Medical Care

If a clear provoking traumatic factor exists for the pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) development, remove it. Cases of pyogenic granuloma attributed to use of medications may regress upon withdrawal of the causative agent. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor–related lesions have been published.^[65]

Topical and systemic beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists have successfully treated cutaneous and mucosal pyogenic granulomas.^{[66, 67, 68, 69, 70]}

Topical imiquimod cream,^[71]alitretinoin gel,^[72]and ingenol mebutate^[73]have been successfully used to treat pyogenic granulomas. Oral valacyclovir resolved a giant lesion showing herpes simplex virus type–I antigens by immunohistochemistry in 2 weeks.^[10]A report from Turkey described a patient with multiple pyogenic granulomas who showed clear improvement with oral erythromycin treatment.^[74]

Simple table salt,^[75]injectable sclerosing agents,^[76]chemical cauterization with silver nitrate,^[77]topical phenol for periungual lesions,^[78]and photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid intralesional injection^[79]have all been used.

Pyogenic granulomas with satellitosis that recurred after surgical excision have responded to intralesional^[80]and systemic^[81]steroids.

A recurrent giant pyogenic granuloma on the palm was successfully treated with intralesional bleomycin.^[82]

Surgical Care

Shave, punch, or scalpel excision may be curative if the lesion is completely removed, and it provides a tissue specimen for pathologic confirmation of the diagnosis. Histologic evaluation is vital for any nonhealing lesion.^[55]Curettage and electrodesiccation is often successful, either alone, or in combination,^[83]and may be performed after shave removal. Among surgical options, full-thickness excision has the lowest rate of recurrence (2.94%).^[18] For large or difficult surgical areas, transarterial embolization may be an option.^[84] For large or difficult surgical areas, transarterial embolization may be an option.^[84]For digital pyogenic granulomas, a trap technique using a Penrose drain helps minimize bleeding.^[85]

A variety of laser modalities have been successfully used.^{[86, 87, 88, 89, 90]}Ligation of the lesion base^[91]and cryosurgery^[92]have been reported to be effective for pyogenic granulomas.

Many lesions occurring in pregnancy resolve with parturition; because recurrences are higher during pregnancy, some experts recommend postponing removal until after delivery.^[93]

Long-Term Monitoring

The patient should seek follow-up care as early as possible if any evidence of recurrence of the pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) is present.

Questions

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Media Gallery

Pyogenic granuloma on the neck of the young girl. Courtesy of Jeffrey P. Callen, MD.
Multiple recurrent pyogenic granulomas on the neck of a young girl. Courtesy of Jeffrey P. Callen, MD.
Pyogenic granuloma on the hand. Courtesy of Jeffrey P. Callen, MD.

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Author

Joseph C Pierson, MD Dermatology Residency Program Director, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Joseph C Pierson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Association of Professors of Dermatology, New England Dermatological Society, American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Christine C Tam, MD Managing Member, Certified Dermatologists

Christine C Tam, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

David F Butler, MD Former Section Chief of Dermatology, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System; Professor of Dermatology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Founding Chair, Department of Dermatology, Scott and White Clinic

David F Butler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, Association of Military Dermatologists, Phi Beta Kappa, Texas Dermatological Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Edward F Chan, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Edward F Chan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

William D James, MD Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, Vice-Chairman, Residency Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Elsevier; WebMD<br/>Served as a speaker for various universities, dermatology societies, and dermatology departments.

Additional Contributors

Donald Belsito, MD Professor of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center

Donald Belsito, MD is a member of the following medical societies: New York County Medical Society, Noah Worcester Dermatological Society, Phi Beta Kappa, American Contact Dermatitis Society, Dermatology Foundation, Dermatologic Society of Greater New York, Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author, Diane Pierson, DO, to the development and writing of this article.

Sections Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma)
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Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma) Treatment & Management

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