Diagnostic Considerations

Differential diagnoses for candidal intertrigo are as follows^{[53, 54]}:

Allergic contact dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis
Inverse psoriasis
Pemphigus vegetans
Hailey-Hailey disease

Differential diagnoses for oropharyngeal candidiasis are as follows^{[55, 56]}:

Lichen planus
Herpes
Geographic tongue
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Aphthous ulcers
Erythema multiforme
Pernicious anemia
Leukoplakia
Chemotherapy-related mucositis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Zinc deficiency
Hairy tongue
White sponge nevus
Pemphigus

Workup

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Media Gallery

Vaginal candidiasis. Erythema, edema, and cheesy white discharge. Courtesy of Kenneth Greer, MD.
Vulvar candidiasis. Bright erythema with scaling, fissuring, and satellite papules. Courtesy of Kenneth Greer, MD.
Discrete superficial pustules developed within hours of birth on the hand of an otherwise healthy newborn. A potassium hydroxide preparation revealed spores and pseudomycelium, and culture demonstrated the presence of Candida albicans.
Dry, red, superficially scaly, pruritic macules and patches on the penis represent candidal balanitis.
White plaques are present on the buccal mucosa and the undersurface of the tongue and represent thrush. When wiped off, the plaques leave red erosive areas.
Erythema, maceration, and satellite pustules in the axilla, accompanied by soreness and pruritus result in a form of intertrigo.
A nailfold with candidal infection becomes erythematous, swollen, and tender with an occasional discharge.
Soreness and cracks at the lateral angles of the mouth (angular cheilitis) is a frequent expression of candidosis in elderly individuals.
Fine superficial pustules on an erythematous patchy base are suggestive of candidosis.
Chronic paronychia. Edema and erythema of the nailfolds with loss of the cuticle; note greenish discoloration of nails from likely pseudomonal coinfection. Courtesy of Kenneth Greer, MD.
Candidiasis. Courtesy of Hon Pak, MD.
Erythema, maceration, and satellite papules seen in candidal intertrigo under the breast. Courtesy of Kenneth Greer, MD.

of 12

Author

Richard Harold "Hal" Flowers, IV, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia Health System

Richard Harold "Hal" Flowers, IV, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Medical Dermatology Society, Rheumatologic Dermatology Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Erica Mark MD Candidate, University of Virginia School of Medicine

Erica Mark is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Medical Women's Association, Association of Women Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Barbara B Wilson, MD Edward P Cawley Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine

Barbara B Wilson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, Medical Society of Virginia, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Richard P Vinson, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Mountain View Dermatology, PA

Richard P Vinson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Texas Medical Association, Association of Military Dermatologists, Texas Dermatological Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Paul Krusinski, MD Director of Dermatology, Fletcher Allen Health Care; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Paul Krusinski, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Physicians, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Dirk M Elston, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine

Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

Franklin Flowers, MD Professor Emeritus, Department of Dermatology, Affiliate Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine

Franklin Flowers, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Mohs Surgery

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Matthew C Lambiase, DO, FAAD Dermatologist, Precision Dermatology, PA

Matthew C Lambiase, DO, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Noah S Scheinfeld, JD, MD, FAAD † Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Dermatology, Weil Cornell Medical College; Consulting Staff, Department of Dermatology, St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary; Assistant Attending Dermatologist, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Assistant Attending Dermatologist, Lenox Hill Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System; Private Practice

Noah S Scheinfeld, JD, MD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Jessica M Allan, MD Private Practice

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Daniel S Lehman, MD Fellow in Minimally Invasive Urology/Oncology, Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Thomas K Vaughan, MD Assistant Chief, Dermatology Service, Madigan Army Medical Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.