Goyal S, Griffiths AD, Omarouayache S, Mohammedi R. An improved method of studying fingernail morphometry: application to the early detection of fingernail clubbing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Oct. 39(4 Pt 1):640-2. [Medline].
Castori M, Sinibaldi L, Mingarelli R, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL, Dallapiccola B. Pachydermoperiostosis: an update. Clin Genet. 2005 Dec. 68(6):477-86. [Medline].
Seifert W, Kühnisch J, Tüysüz B, Specker C, Brouwers A, Horn D. Mutations in the prostaglandin transporter encoding gene SLCO2A1 cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and isolated digital clubbing. Hum Mutat. 2012 Feb 13. [Medline].
Khan AK, Muhammad N, Khan SA, Ullah W, Nasir A, Afzal S, et al. A novel mutation in the HPGD gene causing primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with digital clubbing in a Pakistani family. Ann Hum Genet. 2017 Dec 28. [Medline].
Joshi A, Nepal G, Shing YK, Panthi HP, Baral S. Pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome): a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2019 Feb 21. 13 (1):39. [Medline].
Tariq M, Azeem Z, Ali G, Chishti MS, Ahmad W. Mutation in the HPGD gene encoding NAD+ dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase underlies isolated congenital nail clubbing (ICNC). J Med Genet. 2009 Jan. 46(1):14-20. [Medline].
Ishizuka T, Fujioka K, Mori I, Takeda T, Fuwa M, Ikeda T, et al. Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with severe arthralgia identified by gene mutation of SLCO2A1. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2021 Jan 18. 1-7. [Medline].
Nakamura J, Halliday NA, Fukuba E, Radjenovic A, Tanner SF, Emery P, et al. The Microanatomic Basis of Finger Clubbing -- A High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. J Rheumatol. 2014 Mar. 41(3):523-7. [Medline].
Dickinson CJ, Martin JF. Megakaryocytes and platelet clumps as the cause of finger clubbing. Lancet. 1987 Dec 19. 2(8573):1434-5. [Medline].
Hugosson C, Bahabri S, Rifai A, al-Dalaan A. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy caused by lipoid pneumonia. Pediatr Radiol. 1995. 25(6):482-3. [Medline].
Shneerson JM. Digital clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: The underlying mechanisms. Br J Dis Chest. 1981 Apr. 75(2):113-31. [Medline].
Fawcett RS, Linford S, Stulberg DL. Nail abnormalities: clues to systemic disease. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Mar 15. 69(6):1417-24. [Medline].
Sridhar KS, Lobo CF, Altman RD. Digital clubbing and lung cancer. Chest. 1998 Dec. 114(6):1535-7. [Medline].
Grathwohl KW, Thompson JW, Riordan KK, Roth BJ, Dillard TA. Digital clubbing associated with polymyositis and interstitial lung disease. Chest. 1995 Dec. 108(6):1751-2. [Medline].
Kanematsu T, Kitaichi M, Nishimura K, Nagai S, Izumi T. Clubbing of the fingers and smooth-muscle proliferation in fibrotic changes in the lung in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest. 1994 Feb. 105(2):339-42. [Medline].
West SG, Gilbreath RE, Lawless OJ. Painful clubbing and sarcoidosis. JAMA. 1981 Sep 18. 246(12):1338-9. [Medline].
Loredo JS, Fedullo PF, Piovella F, Moser KM. Digital clubbing associated with pulmonary artery sarcoma. Chest. 1996 Jun. 109(6):1651-3. [Medline].
Smahi M, Lakranbi M, Choumi I, Elbiaz M, Amara B, Benjelloun MC. [Nail clubbing and lung hydatid cysts]. Rev Mal Respir. 2010. 27(1):99-101. [Medline].
Jancauskaite D, Rudiene V, Mataciunas M, Zakarkaite D, Petrulioniene Z, Gumbiene L. Cardiac imaging in a patient with differential clubbing. Kardiol Pol. 2020 Feb 21. [Medline].
Pineda CJ, Guerra J Jr, Weisman MH, Resnick D, Martinez-Lavin M. The skeletal manifestations of clubbing: a study in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1985 May. 14(4):263-73. [Medline].
Gouriet F, Tissot-Dupont H, Casalta JP, Hubert S, Fournier PE, Edouard S, et al. Marseille scoring system for empiric treatment of infective endocarditis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018 Feb 3. [Medline].
Younis I, Sarwar S, Butt Z, Tanveer S, Qaadir A, Jadoon NA. Clinical characteristics, predictors, and survival among patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Hepatol. 2015 May-Jun. 14 (3):354-60. [Medline].
Kitis G, Thompson H, Allan RN. Finger clubbing in inflammatory bowel disease: its prevalence and pathogenesis. Br Med J. 1979 Oct 6. 2(6194):825-8. [Medline].
Barraud-Klenovsek MM, Lübbe J, Burg G. Primary digital clubbing associated with palmoplantar keratoderma. Dermatology. 1997. 194(3):302-5. [Medline].
Mullins GM, Lenhard RE Jr. Digital clubbing in Hodgkin's disease. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1971 Mar. 128(3):153-7. [Medline].
Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA. Treatment options for POEMS syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005 Jun. 6(6):945-53. [Medline].
Miest RY, Comfere NI, Dispenzieri A, Lohse CM, El-Azhary RA. Cutaneous manifestations in patients with POEMS syndrome. Int J Dermatol. 2013 Apr 4. [Medline].
Grekas D, Avdelidou A. Digital clubbing as an unusual complication associated with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism: report of two cases. Hemodial Int. 2007 Apr. 11(2):193-7. [Medline].
Helvaci MR, Gokce C, Davran R, Acipayam C, Akkucuk S, Ugur M. Tonsilectomy in sickle cell diseases. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015. 8 (3):4586-90. [Medline].
Schuller A, Cottin V, Hot A, Cordier JF. Finger clubbing and altered carbon monoxide transfer capacity in cannabis smokers. Eur Respir J. 2008 Feb. 31(2):473-4. [Medline].
El Bakkal A, Idrissi R, Meziane M, Mikou O, Sekal M, Belghiti H, et al. [Tripe palms and a hypertrophic osteoarthropathy syndrome revealing a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2011 Oct. 138(10):668-72. [Medline].
Katsurada N, Tachihara M, Jimbo N, Koyama K, Nakata K, Nagano T, et al. Successful Treatment of ROS1-rearranged Lung Cancer Complicated by Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy with Crizotinib Therapy: A Case Report. Intern Med. 2019 Jan 10. [Medline].
Thompson MA, Warner NB, Hwu WJ. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with metastatic melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2005 Dec. 15(6):559-61. [Medline].
Malaty S, Gupta A. Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy: A Secondary Manifestation of Malignant Melanoma. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2021. 2021:6691320. [Medline].
Lommatzsch M, Julius P, Lück W, Bier A, Virchow JC. [Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy as a Cue for NSCLC: Four Cases in the Light of the Current Literature]. Pneumologie. 2012 Feb. 66(2):67-73. [Medline].
Tajbakhsh R, Dehghan M, Azarhoosh R, Haghighi AN, Sadani S, Zadeh SS, et al. Mucocutaneous manifestations and nail changes in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2013 Jan. 24(1):36-40. [Medline].
Salem A, Al Mokadem S, Attwa E, Abd El Raoof S, Ebrahim HM, Faheem KT. Nail changes in chronic renal failure patients under haemodialysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Nov. 22(11):1326-31. [Medline].
Ddungu H, Johnson JL, Smieja M, Mayanja-Kizza H. Digital clubbing in tuberculosis--relationship to HIV infection, extent of disease and hypoalbuminemia. BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 10. 6:45. [Medline].
Saigal R, Kansal A, Mittal M, Singh Y, Ram H. Pachydermoperiostosis with myelofibrosis and empty sella. J Assoc Physicians India. 2010 Apr. 58:253-5. [Medline].
Ozdemir B, Senturk T, Kaderli AA, et al. Postoperative regression of clubbing at an unexpected rate in a patient with aortic and mitral valve replacement due to infective endocarditis. Ir J Med Sci. 2008 Oct 9. [Medline].
Moralidis E, Gerasimou G, Theodoridou A, Hilidis I, Mylonaki E, Gotzamani-Psarrakou A. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy manifested with isolated calcaneal periostitis in bone scintigraphy. Ann Nucl Med. 2010 Feb 2. [Medline].
Pinto-Almeida T, Caetano M, Alves R, Selores M. Cutaneous lesions and finger clubbing uncovering hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis and hepatitis C with mixed cryoglobulinemia. An Bras Dermatol. 2013 Nov-Dec. 88(6):973-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Pallarés-Sanmartín A, Leiro-Fernández V, Cebreiro TL, Botana-Rial M, Fernández-Villar A. Validity and reliability of the Schamroth sign for the diagnosis of clubbing. JAMA. 2010 Jul 14. 304(2):159-61. [Medline].
Gefen AM, White AJ. Asymptomatic pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017 Jun 13. [Medline].
Rush PJ, Giorshev C, Shore A, Levinson H. The use of thermography in clubbing. Respir Med. 1992 May. 86(3):257-9. [Medline].
Ward RW, Chin R Jr, Keyes JW Jr, Haponik EF. Digital clubbing. Demonstration with positron emission tomography. Chest. 1995 Apr. 107(4):1172-3. [Medline].
Roy HS, Wang Z, Ran H, Song W, Zheng Y. Diagnosis of digital clubbing by high-frequency ultrasound imaging. Int J Dermatol. 2013 Jan. 52(1):1-5. [Medline].
Adams B, Amin T, Leone V, Wood M, Kraft JK. Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: ultrasound and MRI findings. Pediatr Radiol. 2016 May. 46 (5):727-30. [Medline].
Li ZT, Wang D, Wang S. Successful treatment of pachydermoperiostosis with etoricoxib in a patient with a homozygous splice-site mutation in the SLCO2A1 gene. Br J Dermatol. 2016 Feb 15. [Medline].
Kumar U, Bhatt SP, Misra A. Unusual associations of pachydermoperiostosis: a case report. Indian J Med Sci. 2008 Feb. 62(2):65-8. [Medline].
Saghafi M, Azarian A, Nohesara N. Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with myelofibrosis. Rheumatol Int. 2008 Apr. 28(6):597-600. [Medline].