Dyshidrotic Eczema (Pompholyx) Questions & Answers

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2. Kontochristopoulos G, Gregoriou S, Agiasofitou E, Nikolakis G, Rigopoulos D, Katsambas A. Letter: regression of relapsing dyshidrotic eczema after treatment of concomitant hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin-A. Dermatol Surg. 2007 Oct. 33(10):1289-90. [Medline].

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4. Thierse HJ, Gamerdinger K, Junkes C, Guerreiro N, Weltzien HU. T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with haptens: metal ions as non-classical haptens. Toxicology. 2005 Apr 15. 209(2):101-7. [Medline].

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6. Gerstenblith MR, Antony AK, Junkins-Hopkins JM, Abuav R. Pompholyx and eczematous reactions associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 May 19. [Medline].

7. Kotan D, Erdem T, Acar BA, Boluk A. Dyshidrotic eczema associated with the use of IVIg. BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Feb 15. 2013:[Medline]. [Full Text].

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9. Brazzelli V, Grassi S, Savasta S, Ruffinazzi G, Carugno A, Barbaccia V, et al. Pompholyx of the hands after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for clinically isolated syndrome: a paediatric case. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan-Mar. 27(1):127-30. [Medline].

10. Chen JJ, Liang YH, Zhou FS, et al. The gene for a rare autosomal dominant form of pompholyx maps to chromosome 18q22.1-18q22.3. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Feb. 126(2):300-4. [Medline].

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12. Soler DC, Bai X, Ortega L, Pethukova T, Nedorost ST, Popkin DL, et al. The key role of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 10 in the pathogenesis of pompholyx. Med Hypotheses. 2015 May. 84 (5):498-503. [Medline].

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14. Man I, Ibbotson SH, Ferguson J. Photoinduced pompholyx: a report of 5 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004 Jan. 50(1):55-60. [Medline].

15. Tamer E, Ilhan MN, Polat M, Lenk N, Alli N. Prevalence of skin diseases among pediatric patients in Turkey. J Dermatol. 2008 Jul. 35(7):413-8. [Medline].

16. Nalluri R, Rhodes LE. Photoaggravated pompholyx. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2016 Feb 12. [Medline].

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18. Magina S, Barros MA, Ferreira JA, Mesquita-Guimaraes J. Atopy, nickel sensitivity, occupation, and clinical patterns in different types of hand dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat. 2003 Jun. 14(2):63-8. [Medline].

19. Iannaccone S, Sferrazza B, Quattrini A, Smirne S, Ferini-Strambi L. Pompholyx (vesicular eczema) after i.v. immunoglobulin therapy for neurologic disease. Neurology. 1999 Sep 22. 53(5):1154-5. [Medline].

20. Llombart M, Garcia-Abujeta JL, Sanchez-Perez RM, Hernando de Larramendi C. Pompholyx induced by intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2007. 17(4):277-8. [Medline].

21. Colebunders R, Zolfo M, Lynen L. Severe dyshidrosis in two patients with HIV infection shortly after starting highly active antiretroviral treatment. Dermatol Online J. 2005 Aug 1. 11(2):31. [Medline].

22. MacConnachie AA, Smith CC. Pompholyx eczema as a manifestation of HIV infection, response to antiretroviral therapy. Acta Derm Venereol. 2007. 87(4):378-9. [Medline].

23. Molin S, Diepgen TL, Ruzicka T, Prinz JC. Diagnosing chronic hand eczema by an algorithm: a tool for classification in clinical practice. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2011 Aug. 36(6):595-601. [Medline].

24. Vocks E, Plotz SG, Ring J. The Dyshidrotic Eczema Area and Severity Index - A score developed for the assessment of dyshidrotic eczema. Dermatology. 1999. 198(3):265-9. [Medline].

25. Hsu CY, Wang YC, Kao CH. Dyshidrosis is a risk factor for herpes zoster. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Apr 27. in press. [Medline].

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27. Veien NK. Bullous pemphigoid masquerading as recurrent vesicular hand eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010. 90(1):4-5. [Medline].

28. Chang YY, van der Velden J, van der Wier G, et al. Keratolysis exfoliativa (dyshidrosis lamellosa sicca): a distinct peeling entity. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Nov. 167(5):1076-84. [Medline].

29. Bittencourt AL, Mota K, Oliveira RF, Farré L. A dyshidrosis-like variant of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma with clinicopathological aspects of mycosis fungoides. A case report. Am J Dermatopathol. 2009 Dec. 31(8):834-7. [Medline].

30. Bittencourt AL, Mota K, Oliveira RF, Farré L. A dyshidrosis-like variant of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma with clinicopathological aspects of mycosis fungoides. A case report. Am J Dermatopathol. 2009 Dec. 31(8):834-7. [Medline].

31. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Frequency of application of topical corticosteroids for atopic eczema. London, England: National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE); 2004. 34.

32. Wollina U, Abdel Naser MB. Pharmacotherapy of pompholyx. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Jul. 5(7):1517-22. [Medline].

33. Boyle RJ, Bath-Hextall FJ, Leonardi-Bee J, Murrell DF, Tang ML. Probiotics for treating eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8. CD006135. [Medline].

34. Capella GL. Topical khellin and natural sunlight in the outpatient treatment of recalcitrant palmoplantar pompholyx: report of an open pilot study. Dermatology. 2005. 211(4):381-3. [Medline].

35. Odia S, Vocks E, Rakoski J, Ring J. Successful treatment of dyshidrotic hand eczema using tap water iontophoresis with pulsed direct current. Acta Derm Venereol. 1996 Nov. 76(6):472-4. [Medline].

36. Markantoni V, Kouris A, Armyra K, Vavouli C, Kontochristopoulos G. Remarkable improvement of relapsing dyshidrotic eczema after treatment of coexistant hyperhidrosis with oxybutynin. Dermatol Ther. 2014 Nov-Dec. 27(6):365-8. [Medline].

37. Koldys KW, Meyer RP. Biofeedback training in the therapy of dyshidrosis. Cutis. 1979 Aug. 24(2):219-21. [Medline].

38. Petering H, Breuer C, Herbst R, Kapp A, Werfel T. Comparison of localized high-dose UVA1 irradiation versus topical cream psoralen-UVA for treatment of chronic vesicular dyshidrotic eczema. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004 Jan. 50(1):68-72. [Medline].

39. Polderman MC, Govaert JC, le Cessie S, Pavel S. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of UVA-1 in the treatment of dyshidrotic eczema. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003 Nov. 28(6):584-7. [Medline].

40. Tzaneva S, Kittler H, Thallinger C, Honigsmann H, Tanew A. Oral vs. bath PUVA using 8-methoxypsoralen for chronic palmoplantar eczema. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009 Apr. 25(2):101-5. [Medline].

41. Sezer E, Etikan I. Local narrowband UVB phototherapy vs. local PUVA in the treatment of chronic hand eczema. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2007 Feb. 23(1):10-4. [Medline].

42. Schurmeyer-Horst F, Luger TA, Bohm M. Long-term efficacy of occlusive therapy with topical pimecrolimus in severe dyshidrosiform hand and foot eczema. Dermatology. 2007. 214(1):99-100. [Medline].

43. Wollina U. Pompholyx: what's new?. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Jun. 17(6):897-904. [Medline].

44. Wollina U, Karamfilov T. Adjuvant botulinum toxin A in dyshidrotic hand eczema: a controlled prospective pilot study with left-right comparison. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2002 Jan. 16(1):40-2. [Medline].

45. Egan CA, Rallis TM, Meadows KP, Krueger GG. Low-dose oral methotrexate treatment for recalcitrant palmoplantar pompholyx. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999 Apr. 40(4):612-4. [Medline].

46. Petersen CS, Menne T. Cyclosporin A responsive chronic severe vesicular hand eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992 Nov. 72(6):436-7. [Medline].

47. Ogden S, Clayton TH, Goodfield MJ. Recalcitrant hand pompholyx: variable response to etanercept. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006 Jan. 31(1):145-6. [Medline].

48. Menne T, Kaaber K. Treatment of pompholyx due to nickel allergy with chelating agents. Contact Dermatitis. 1978 Oct. 4(5):289-90. [Medline].

49. Cheer SM, Foster RH. Alitretinoin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000 Sep-Oct. 1(5):307-14; discussion 315-6. [Medline].

50. Ruzicka T, Larsen FG, Galewicz D, et al. Oral alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) therapy for chronic hand dermatitis in patients refractory to standard therapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Dec. 140(12):1453-9. [Medline].

51. Rongioletti F, Zaccaria E, Viglizzo G. Failure of topical 0.1% alitretinoin gel for classic Kaposi sarcoma: first European experience. Br J Dermatol. 2006 Oct. 155(4):856-7. [Medline].

52. Baumann L, Vujevich J, Halem M, et al. Open-label pilot study of alitretinoin gel 0.1% in the treatment of photoaging. Cutis. 2005 Jul. 76(1):69-73. [Medline].

53. Maloney DM, Schmidt JD, Duvic M. Alitretinoin gel to treat pyogenic granuloma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Dec. 47(6):969-70. [Medline].

54. Bassiri-Tehrani S, BA BA, Cohen DE. Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with alitretinoin gel. Int J Dermatol. 2002 Feb. 41(2):104-6. [Medline].

55. Bissonnette R, Maares J, Shear N. Alitretinoin is Well Tolerated in the Treatment of Severe Chronic Hand Eczema. Poster P1409 presented a the 68th Annual Meeting of American Academy of Dermatology. March 5-9, 2010, Miami, Fla. J Am Acad Dermatol. Mar 2010. 62(3 Supp):AB51.

56. Lynde C, Haarsch M, Poulin Y. Alitretinoin is Effective in Clearing Severe Crhonic Hand Ezcema. Poster P1405 presented a the 68th Annual Meeting of American Academy of Dermatology. March 5-9, 2010, Miami, Fla. J Am Acad Dermatol. Mar 2010. 62(3 Supp):AB50.

Sadegh Amini, MD Dermatologist, Skin Cancer Associates; Voluntary Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine.

Sadegh Amini, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, International Society for Dermatologic Surgery, International Society of Dermatology

Disclosure: Own stocks at NYSE for: AbbVie Inc.

Anne E Burdick, MD, MPH Professor of Dermatology, Executive Director of TeleHealth, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine

Anne E Burdick, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Women's Dermatologic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Camila K Janniger, MD Clinical Professor of Dermatology, Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Chief of Pediatric Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

Camila K Janniger, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Richard P Vinson, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Mountain View Dermatology, PA

Richard P Vinson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Texas Medical Association, Association of Military Dermatologists, Texas Dermatological Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Paul Krusinski, MD Director of Dermatology, Fletcher Allen Health Care; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Paul Krusinski, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Physicians, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

William D James, MD Paul R Gross Professor of Dermatology, Vice-Chairman, Residency Program Director, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

William D James, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Elsevier; WebMD.

Kevin P Connelly, DO Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Emergency Care, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Paws for Health Pet Visitation Program of the Richmond SPCA; Pediatric Emergency Physician, Emergency Consultants Inc, Chippenham Medical Center

Kevin P Connelly, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians, American Osteopathic Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors Ivan D Camacho, MD, Julie K Keck, MD, and James D Korb, MD, to the development and writing of the source articles.

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