Balanoposthitis Treatment & Management

1. Perkins OS, Cortes S. Balanoposthitis. StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

2. Fornasa CV, Calabro A, Miglietta A, Tarantello M, Biasinutto C, Peserico A. Mild balanoposthitis. Genitourin Med. 1994 Oct. 70(5):345-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Chen J, Zhou YX, Jin XD, Chen SW. Expression of interleukin-2 in Candidal balanoposthitis and its clinical significance. Chin Med J (Engl). 2011 Sep. 124(17):2776-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Burdge DR, Bowie WR, Chow AW. Gardnerella vaginalis-associated balanoposthitis. Sex Transm Dis. 1986 Jul-Sep. 13(3):159-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Kinghorn GR, Jones BM, Chowdhury FH, Geary I. Balanoposthitis associated with Gardnerella vaginalis infection in men. Br J Vener Dis. 1982 Apr. 58(2):127-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Rovira-López R, García-Martínez P, Martín-Ezquerra G, Pujol RM, Aventín DL. Balanoposthitis and Penile Edema: Atypical Manifestations of Primary Syphilis. Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Sep. 42 (9):524-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Rovira-López R, García-Martínez P, Martín-Ezquerra G, Pujol RM, Aventín DL. Balanoposthitis and Penile Edema: Atypical Manifestations of Primary Syphilis. Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Sep. 42 (9):524-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Mainetti C, Scolari F, Lautenschlager S. The clinical spectrum of syphilitic balanitis of Follmann: report of five cases and a review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016 Oct. 30 (10):1810-1813. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Norimatsu Y, Ohno Y. Streptococcus pyogenes balanoposthitis. IDCases. 2020. 21:e00832. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Mayser P. Mycotic infections of the penis. Andrologia. 1999. 31 Suppl 1:13-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Wakatsuki A. [Clinical experience of streptococcal balanoposthitis in 47 healthy adult males]. Hinyokika Kiyo. 2005 Nov. 51(11):737-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Fuzi M, Csizik E, Gubacs G. [Balanoposthitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes following sexual intercourse]. Orv Hetil. 1984 Jan 22. 125(4):217-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Minami M, Wakimoto Y, Matsumoto M, Matsui H, Kubota Y, Okada A, et al. Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from balanoposthitis patients presumably transmitted by penile-oral sexual intercourse. Curr Microbiol. 2010 Aug. 61(2):101-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Petersen CS, Zachariae C. Acute balanoposthitis caused by infestation with Cordylobia anthropophaga. Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 Mar. 79(2):170. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Lincopan N, Neves P, Mamizuka EM, Levy CE. Balanoposthitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-producing metallo-beta-lactamase and 16S rRNA methylase in children with hematological malignancies. Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Apr. 14(4):e344-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Birley HD, Luzzi GA, Walker MM, Ryait B, Taylor-Robinson D, Renton AM. The association of human papillomavirus infection with balanoposthitis: a description of five cases with proposals for treatment. Int J STD AIDS. 1994 Mar-Apr. 5(2):139-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Petersen CS, Larsen J, Albrectsen JM. [Human papillomavirus--(HPV)/balanoposthitis--a new disease?]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1991 Apr 1. 153(14):1000-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Wikstrom A, von Krogh G, Hedblad MA, Syrjanen S. Papillomavirus-associated balanoposthitis. Genitourin Med. 1994 Jun. 70(3):175-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Lyttle PH. Ulcerative colitis and balanoposthitis. Int J STD AIDS. 1994 Jan-Feb. 5(1):72-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Wijesurendra CS, Singh G, Manuel AR, Morris JA. Balanoposthitis--an unusual feature of Crohn's disease?. Int J STD AIDS. 1993 May-Jun. 4(3):184. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Yusuke H, Yoshinori H, Kenichi M, Akio H. Granulomatous balanoposthitis after intravesical Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy. Int J Urol. 2006 Oct. 13(10):1361-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Alsterholm M, Flytstrom I, Leifsdottir R, Faergemann J, Bergbrant IM. Frequency of bacteria, Candida and malassezia species in balanoposthitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2008. 88(4):331-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Mallon E, Hawkins D, Dinneen M, et al. Circumcision and genital dermatoses. Arch Dermatol. 2000 Mar. 136(3):350-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Morris BJ, Krieger JN. Penile Inflammatory Skin Disorders and the Preventive Role of Circumcision. Int J Prev Med. 2017. 8:32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Sonnex C, Croucher PE, Dockerty WG. Balanoposthitis associated with the presence of subpreputial "smegma stones". Genitourin Med. 1997 Dec. 73(6):567. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Linden-Castro E, Pelayo-Nieto M, Alias-Melgar A. Penile tuberculosis after intravesical bacille Calmette-Gue´rin immunotherapy. Urology. 2014 Aug. 84(2):e3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Kayaba H, Tamura H, Kitajima S, Fujiwara Y, Kato T, Kato T. Analysis of shape and retractability of the prepuce in 603 Japanese boys. J Urol. 1996 Nov. 156(5):1813-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Hsieh TF, Chang CH, Chang SS. Foreskin development before adolescence in 2149 schoolboys. Int J Urol. 2006 Jul. 13(7):968-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Dockerty WG, Sonnex C. Candidal balano-posthitis: a study of diagnostic methods. Genitourin Med. 1995 Dec. 71(6):407-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Kato S, Ohnishi S, Saka T, Nakajima H, Tanda H. [Clinical statistics on outpatients during the 5 years period (from 1978 Nov. 1st to 1983 Dec. 31st) after the opening of the Urological Clinic of East Sapporo Sanjukai Hospital (II)]. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1984 Nov. 30(11):1677-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Guliani A, Kumar S, Aggarwal D, Kumaran MS. Genital Lichen Sclerosus Et Atrophicus: A Benign Skin Disorder With Malignant Aftermath. Urology. 2018 Jul. 117:e7-e8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Steinbach F, Essbach U, Florschütz A, Gruss A, Allhoff EP. Ulcerative balanoposthitis as the initial manifestation of acute promyelocytic leukemia. J Urol. 1998 Oct. 160(4):1430-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Agrawal SK, Singal A, Pandhi D. Mondor's phlebitis of penis following recurrent candidal balanoposthitis. Int J Dermatol. 2005 Jan. 44(1):83-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Duerden BI. Black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes in genito-urinary tract and pelvic infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1993 Mar. 6(2-3):223-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Wollina U. Ablative erbium:YAG laser treatment of idiopathic chronic inflammatory non-cicatricial balanoposthitis (Zoon's disease)--a series of 20 patients with long-term outcome. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2010 Jun. 12(3):120-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Arumainayagam JT, Sumathipala AH, Smallman LA, Shahmanesh M. Flat condylomata of the penis presenting as patchy balanoposthitis. Genitourin Med. 1990 Aug. 66(4):251-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Hejase MJ, Bihrle R, Castillo G, Coogan CL. Amebiasis of the penis. Urology. 1996 Jul. 48(1):151-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Val-Bernal JF, Azcarretazábal T, Garijo MF. Pilonidal sinus of the penis. A report of two cases, one of them associated with actinomycosis. J Cutan Pathol. 1999 Mar. 26(3):155-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Cree GE, Willis AT, Phillips KD, Brazier JS. Anaerobic balanoposthitis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Mar 20. 284(6319):859-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Waugh MA, Evans EG, Nayyar KC, Fong R. Clotrimazole (Canesten) in the treatment of candidal balanitis in men. With incidental observations on diabetic candidal balanoposthitis. Br J Vener Dis. 1978 Jun. 54(3):184-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Pandya I, Shinojia M, Vadukul D, Marfatia YS. Approach to balanitis/balanoposthitis: Current guidelines. Indian J Sex Transm Dis. 2014 Jul-Dec. 35 (2):155-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Gonzalvo V, Polo A, Serrallach F, Gutiérrez A, Peyri E. Clinical study of the effectiveness of the "water of the 3 sulfates" on balanitis and balanoposthitis. Actas Urol Esp. 2015 Mar. 39 (2):118-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. [Guideline] Edwards S, Bunker C, Ziller F, van der Meijden WI. 2013 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis. Int J STD AIDS. 2014 May 14. 25(9):615-626. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Angotti R, Molinaro F, Ferrara F, Pellegrino C, Bindi E, Fusi G, et al. Preputialplasty: can be considered an alternative to circumcision? When, how, why? Experience of Italian centre. Gland Surg. 2018 Apr. 7 (2):228-233. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Vladimir O Osipov, MD Pathologist In Charge, QML Townsville

Vladimir O Osipov, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Clinical Pathology, United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, College of American Pathologists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Scott M Acker, MD Associate Professor, Director of Dermatopathology, Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Scott M Acker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Medical Association, American Society for Clinical Pathology, Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Peter Langenstroer, MD Associate Professor, Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin

Peter Langenstroer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Milton W Datta, MD Assistant Professor, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Hematology-Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine

Milton W Datta, MD is a member of the following medical societies: College of American Pathologists, United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD Dermatologic/Mohs Surgeon, The Surgery Center at Plano Dermatology

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dirk M Elston, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine

Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Abdul-Ghani Kibbi, MD, FACP Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article