Dermatologic Manifestations of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Questions & Answers

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12. Jia HL, He CH, Wang ZY, et al. MicroRNA expression profile in exosome discriminates extremely severe infections from mild infections for hand, foot and mouth disease. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Sep 17. 14(1):506. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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16. McMinn P, Stratov I, Nagarajan L, Davis S. Neurological manifestations of enterovirus 71 infection in children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Western Australia. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Jan 15. 32(2):236-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Ooi MH, Wong SC, Mohan A, et al. Identification and validation of clinical predictors for the risk of neurological involvement in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sarawak. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Jan 19. 9:3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. Kim SJ, Kim JH, Kang JH, Kim DS, Kim KH, Kim KH, et al. Risk factors for neurologic complications of hand, foot and mouth disease in the Republic of Korea, 2009. J Korean Med Sci. 2013 Jan. 28(1):120-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

19. Sutton-Hayes S, Weisse ME, Wilson NW, Ogershok PR. A recurrent presentation of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006 May. 45(4):373-6.

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21. Agrawal R, Bhan K, Balaggan K, Lee RW, Pavesio CE, Addison PK. Unilateral acute maculopathy associated with adult onset hand, foot and mouth disease: case report and review of literature. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2015. 5:2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Tsao KC, Chang PY, Ning HC, et al. Use of molecular assay in diagnosis of hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 or coxsackievirus A 16. J Virol Methods. 2002 Apr. 102(1-2):9-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Zhang X, Yan HP, Huang C, et al. [The etiology and clinical manifestations of 70 patients with hand-foot-mouth disease]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Oct. 43(10):872-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Wang C, Chen Y, Xu T, Tian X, Zheng J, Liu W, et al. A novel method to diagnose the infection of enterovirus A71 in children by detecting IgA from saliva. J Med Virol. 2020 Jan 15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Li J, Chen F, Liu T, Wang L. MRI Findings of Neurological Complications in Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease by Enterovirus 71 Infection. Int J Neurosci. 2012 Feb 20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Yang Y, Wang H, Gong E, et al. Neuropathology in 2 cases of fatal enterovirus type 71 infection from a recent epidemic in the People's Republic of China: a histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction study. Hum Pathol. 2009 Apr 22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Lim H, In HJ, Lee JA, Sik Yoo J, Lee SW, Chung GT, et al. The immunogenicity and protection effect of an inactivated coxsackievirus A6, A10, and A16 vaccine against hand, foot, and mouth disease. Vaccine. 2018 Jun 7. 36 (24):3445-3452. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Gao L, Zou G, Liao Q, Zhou Y, Liu F, Dai B, et al. Spectrum of Enterovirus Serotypes Causing Uncomplicated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and Enteroviral diagnostic yield of different clinical samples. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Apr 24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Yang Y, Zhang L, Fan X, Qin C, Liu J. Antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Mar 15. 22(6):2209-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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31. Harada YU, Lekcharoensuk P, Furuta T, Taniguchi T. Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Commercially Available Disinfectants and Cleaners. Biocontrol Sci. 2015. 20 (3):205-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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33. Toida M, Watanabe F, Goto K, Shibata T. Usefulness of low-level laser for control of painful stomatitis in patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2003 Dec. 21(6):363-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Chen S, Yang Y, Yan X, Chen J, Yu H, Wang W. Influence of vitamin A status on the antiviral immunity of children with hand, foot and mouth disease. Clin Nutr. 2011 Dec 22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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36. Li Y, Dang S, Deng H, Wang W, Jia X, Gao N, et al. Breastfeeding, previous Epstein-Barr virus infection, Enterovirus 71 infection, and rural residence are associated with the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Eur J Pediatr. 2013 May. 172(5):661-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Mao QY, Wang Y, Bian L, Xu M, Liang Z. EV71 vaccine, a new tool to control outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016 Jan 14. 1-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Harada Y, Lekcharoensuk P, Furuta T, Taniguchi T. Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Commercially Available Disinfectants and Cleaners. Biocontrol Sci. 2015. 20 (3):205-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Jiang L, Wang J, Zhang C, He W, Mo J, Zeng J, et al. Effectiveness of enterovirus A71 vaccine in severe hand, foot, and mouth disease cases in Guangxi, China. Vaccine. 2020 Feb 11. 38 (7):1804-1809. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Brad S Graham, MD Consulting Staff, Dermatology Associates of Tyler

Brad S Graham, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, Texas Dermatological Society, American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD Dermatologic/Mohs Surgeon, The Surgery Center at Plano Dermatology

Michael J Wells, MD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Edward F Chan, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Edward F Chan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dirk M Elston, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine

Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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