Overview
What is the prevalence of cutaneous symptoms of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What are the most common extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
Why is hepatitis C virus (HCV) considered a major public health problem?
What are the primary and secondary causation of cutaneous symptoms of chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What is the tertiary causation of cutaneous symptoms of chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
Which disorders associated with hepatitis C (Hep C) may cause cutaneous symptoms?
What are the genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV)?
What are possible secondary disorders of chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What is the pathogenesis of cutaneous manifestations in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
What is the pathogenesis of lichen planus in hepatitis C virus (HCV)?
What is the pathogenesis of type II cryoglobulinemia in hepatitis C virus (HCV)?
What is sialadenitis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What is the pathogenesis of cryoglobulinemia due to chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the types of cryoglobulinemia caused by hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What causes sialadenitis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What is the pathogenesis of Mooren corneal ulcer in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What causes antiphospholipid syndrome in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are tertiary dermatologic disorders of chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What causes Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What is Sjögren syndrome due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
What causes non-Hodgkin lymphoma in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What is the possible genetic etiology squamous cell carcinoma in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
What causes mucosa-associated lymphoma tumors (MALT) syndrome in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What causes hepatoma in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
Which treatments for hepatitis C infection cause dermatologic symptoms?
What is the prevalence of hepatitis C (Hep C) in the US?
What is the global prevalence of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
Which patient groups are at increased risk for hepatitis C (Hep C)?
How does the prevalence of hepatitis C (Hep C) vary by age?
What is the prognosis of dermatologic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
What is the mortality and morbidity of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
Presentation
What are the signs and symptoms of Behcet syndrome in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What are the signs and symptoms of erythema multiforme in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What is the disease progression of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What are symptoms of chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the less specific dermatologic symptoms of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
How are pruritus and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) related?
What are the signs and symptoms of lichen planus in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the signs and symptoms of acral necrolytic erythema in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the signs and symptoms of sialadenitis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What is Mooren corneal ulceration in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the signs and symptoms of leukocytoclastic reaction in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the signs and symptoms of cryoglobulinemia in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the signs and symptoms of antiphospholipid syndrome in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the signs and symptoms of dermatologic disorders tertiary to chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the signs and symptoms of canities and prurigo (prurigo nodularis) in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What are the signs and symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What is the prevalence of pruritus in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What is the prevalence of urticaria in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What are the signs and symptoms of erythema nodosum in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What are the signs and symptoms of autoimmune thrombocytopenia in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What causes leukocytoclastic vasculitis in hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What are the signs and symptoms of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What is the prevalence of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)?
What are the signs and symptoms of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) disease?
What is the clinical history of hepatoma in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
What is the manifestation of squamous cell carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) disease?
Which dermatologic conditions may be present in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
What are other possible conditions associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
Which physical findings are characteristic of sialadenitis in patients with hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What autoimmune factors may be present on physical exam of patients with hepatitis C (Hep C)?
Which physical findings are characteristic of malignancies in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) disease?
Which physical findings are characteristic of hemangioma in patients with hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What are the pregnancy risks in patients with hepatitis C (Hep C)?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C?
Workup
Treatment
What is included in medical care for the cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
What may cause premature therapy discontinuation in patients with hepatitis C (Hep C)?
How are the cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C (Hep C) prevented?
What is included in the long-term monitoring of cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C (Hep C)?
Guidelines
Which organizations have published treatment guidelines for hepatitis C (Hep C)?
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Cold agglutinin disease indistinguishable from cryoglobulinemia. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Cryoglobulinemia, palpable purpura, dysproteinemic purpura, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis (small vessel vasculitis). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Cutis marmorata. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema multiforme, bull's-eye lesions. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema dyschromicum perstans. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema dyschromicum perstans. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema nodosa. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema nodosa. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema multiforme. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema multiforme. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema multiforme. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema multiforme of the oral mucosa. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Palmar erythema. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Granuloma annulare. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Disseminated superficial (actinic) porokeratosis. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Disseminated superficial (actinic) porokeratosis. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Lichen planus. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Lichen planus. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Lichen planus. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Lichen planus (hypertrophic type). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Lichen planus (oral lesions). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Lichen planus (volar wrist). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Lymphoma cutis. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Palpable purpura. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Purpura in hemophilia (factor VIII deficiency). All ecchymoses and bland petechiae are in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenic purpuras, including thrombocytopenia secondary to hepatitis C virus in which an autoantibody to platelets is present. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Progressive pigmented purpuric eruption. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Progressive pigmented purpura (photo rotated 90°). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Progressive pigmented purpura (Gougerot-Blum disease). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Progressive pigmented purpura (Schamberg disease). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Thrombocytopenic purpura. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Prurigo nodularis. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Prurigo nodularis. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Prurigo nodularis. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Chronic urticaria. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Urticaria (secondary to penicillin). Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Nodular vasculitis. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura, palpable purpura, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Vitiligo. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Vitiligo. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.
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Waldenström hypergammaglobulinemic purpura. Courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center Dermatology.