Further Outpatient Care

Patients with TOS generally are treated on an outpatient basis and require a variety of health care professionals to manage their condition optimally. Please refer to the Treatment section for a discussion of proper rehabilitation methods and other treatment options.

Further Inpatient Care

Hospitalization usually is not required for patients with TOS, but this decision depends on the invasiveness of the treatment choice for pain control and the severity of the patient's condition. Sometimes, a short hospitalization is necessary for individuals who require a continuous nerve block. Patients with TOS may have associated conditions that may be amenable to surgery and require further inpatient care.

Prognosis

See the list below:

Neurogenic TOS usually requires chronic pain management.
Vascular-type TOS may have better outcome with appropriate management.
Patients with profound intrinsic muscle atrophy do not regain their function. Appropriate surgery may arrest the progressive deterioration.

Patient Education

See the list below:

Instruct the patient on the following:
- Good posture
- Job modification
- Exercise programs

Questions

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Author

Joy Chan, MD Resident Physician, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Nasheed I Jamal, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Neurology, Director, UCLA Neuromuscular Medicine Fellowship Program, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Acting Chief, Neurology Service, Associate Chief of Neurology, Los Angeles Ambulatory Care Center, Director, Multidisciplinary Clinic, Co-Director, Tele-Polyneuropathy Clinic, Department of Neurology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System

Nasheed I Jamal, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association for the Advancement of Science

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Chief Editor

Robert A Egan, MD NW Neuro-Ophthalmology

Robert A Egan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Heart Association, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, Oregon Medical Association

Disclosure: Received honoraria from Biogen Idec and Genentech for participation on Advisory Boards.

Additional Contributors

Jorge E Mendizabal, MD Consulting Staff, Corpus Christi Neurology

Jorge E Mendizabal, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, National Stroke Association, American Headache Society, Stroke Council of the American Heart Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Manish K Singh, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Teaching Faculty for Pain Management and Neurology Residency Program, Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel College of Medicine; Medical Director, Neurology and Pain Management, Jersey Institute of Neuroscience

Manish K Singh, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Headache Society, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, American Medical Association, American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jashvant Patel, MBBS, MS, MD

Jashvant Patel, MBBS, MS, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alberta Medical Association, American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Medical Association, American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical Society of the State of New York

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.