Trigeminal Neuralgia Questions & Answers

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6. Anderson VC, Berryhill PC, Sandquist MA, Ciaverella DP, Nesbit GM, Burchiel KJ. High-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled imaging in the evaluation of neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a double-blind pilot study. Neurosurgery. 2006 Apr. 58(4):666-73; discussion 666-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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22. Majoie CB, Hulsmans FJ, Castelijns JA, Verbeeten B Jr, Tiren D, van Beek EJ, et al. Symptoms and signs related to the trigeminal nerve: diagnostic yield of MR imaging. Radiology. 1998 Nov. 209(2):557-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Gronseth G, Cruccu G, Alksne J, Argoff C, Brainin M, Burchiel K, et al. Practice parameter: the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies. Neurology. 2008 Oct 7. 71(15):1183-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Tanaka T, Morimoto Y, Shiiba S, Sakamoto E, Kito S, Matsufuji Y, et al. Utility of magnetic resonance cisternography using three-dimensional fast asymmetric spin-echo sequences with multiplanar reconstruction: the evaluation of sites of neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005 Aug. 100(2):215-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Cruccu G, Biasiotta A, Galeotti F, Iannetti GD, Truini A, Gronseth G. Diagnostic accuracy of trigeminal reflex testing in trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology. 2006 Jan 10. 66(1):139-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Eller JL, Raslan AM, Burchiel KJ. Trigeminal neuralgia: definition and classification. Neurosurg Focus. 2005 May 15. 18(5):E3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Blom S. Trigeminal neuralgia: its treatment with a new anticonvulsant drug (G-32883). Lancet. 1962 Apr 21. 1:839-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Dalessio DJ. Trigeminal neuralgia. A practical approach to treatment. Drugs. 1982 Sep. 24(3):248-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Campbell FG, Graham JG, Zilkha KJ. Clinical trial of carbazepine (tegretol) in trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1966 Jun. 29(3):265-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

30. Rockliff BW, Davis EH. Controlled sequential trials of carbamazepine in trigeminal neuralgia. Arch Neurol. 1966 Aug. 15(2):129-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Beydoun A. Safety and efficacy of oxcarbazepine: results of randomized, double-blind trials. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Aug. 20(8 Pt 2):152S-158S. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Sist T, Filadora V, Miner M, Lema M. Gabapentin for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: report of two cases. Neurology. 1997 May. 48(5):1467. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Khan OA. Gabapentin relieves trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology. 1998 Aug. 51(2):611-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Solaro C, Lunardi GL, Capello E, et al. An open-label trial of gabapentin treatment of paroxysmal symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology. 1998 Aug. 51(2):609-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Chogtu B, Bairy KL, Smitha D, Dhar S, Himabindu P. Comparison of the efficacy of carbamazepine, gabapentin and lamotrigine for neuropathic pain in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 Sep. 43(5):596-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

36. Carrazana EJ, Schachter SC. Alternative uses of lamotrigine and gabapentin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology. 1998 Apr. 50(4):1192. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Lunardi G, Leandri M, Albano C, et al. Clinical effectiveness of lamotrigine and plasma levels in essential and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology. 1997 Jun. 48(6):1714-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Zakrzewska JM, Chaudhry Z, Nurmikko TJ, et al. Lamotrigine (lamictal) in refractory trigeminal neuralgia: results from a double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial. Pain. 1997 Nov. 73(2):223-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Loeser JD. The management of tic douloureux. Pain. 1977 Apr. 3(2):155-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Braham J. Pain in the face. Br Med J. 1968 Aug 3. 3(5613):316. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

41. Raskin NH. Trigeminal neuralgia. 2nd ed. 1988.

42. He L, Wu B, Zhou M. Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19. 3:CD004029. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Baker KA, Taylor JW, Lilly GE. Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: use of baclofen in combination with carbamazepine. Clin Pharm. 1985 Jan-Feb. 4(1):93-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Fromm GH, Terrence CF, Chattha AS. Baclofen in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: double-blind study and long-term follow-up. Ann Neurol. 1984 Mar. 15(3):240-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Parekh S, Shah K, Kotdawalla H. Baclofen in carbamazepine resistant trigeminal neuralgia - a double-blind clinical trial. Cephalalgia. 1989. 9 (Suppl 10):392-3.

46. Fromm GH, Terrence CF. Comparison of L-baclofen and racemic baclofen in trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology. 1987 Nov. 37(11):1725-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Gilron I, Booher SL, Rowan MS, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of high-dose dextromethorphan in facial neuralgias. Neurology. 2000 Oct 10. 55(7):964-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Allam N, Brasil-Neto JP, Brown G, Tomaz C. Injections of botulinum toxin type a produce pain alleviation in intractable trigeminal neuralgia. Clin J Pain. 2005 Mar-Apr. 21(2):182-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. DMKG study group. Misoprostol in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia associated with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2003 May. 250(5):542-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Tatli M, Satici O, Kanpolat Y, Sindou M. Various surgical modalities for trigeminal neuralgia: literature study of respective long-term outcomes. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2008 Mar. 150(3):243-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. [Guideline] International RadioSurgery Association. Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with intractable typical trigeminal neuralgia who have failed medical management. Harrisburg, Pa: IRSA; 2009. (Radiosurgery practice guideline report; no. 1-03). Available at http://guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=14309. Accessed: April 8, 2011.

52. Sweet WH. Percutaneous methods for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and other faciocephalic pain; comparison with microvascular decompression. Semin Neurol. 1988 Dec. 8(4):272-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Pollock BE, Ecker RD. A prospective cost-effectiveness study of trigeminal neuralgia surgery. Clin J Pain. 2005 Jul-Aug. 21(4):317-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Olson S, Atkinson L, Weidmann M. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: recurrences and complications. J Clin Neurosci. 2005 Sep. 12(7):787-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

55. Barbor, M. MVD Bests Gamma Knife for Pain in Trigeminal Neuralgia. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/852161. October 5, 2015; Accessed: October 22, 2015.

56. Zakrzewska JM, Thomas DG. Patient's assessment of outcome after three surgical procedures for the management of trigeminal neuralgia. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1993. 122(3-4):225-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

57. Asplund P, Blomstedt P, Bergenheim AT. Percutaneous Balloon Compression vs Percutaneous Retrogasserian Glycerol Rhizotomy for the Primary Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia. Neurosurgery. 2015 Oct 13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

58. Tan LK, Robinson SN, Chatterjee S. Glycerol versus radiofrequency rhizotomy - a comparison of their efficacy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Br J Neurosurg. 1995 Apr. 9(2):165-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

59. Cappabianca P, Spaziante R, Graziussi G, et al. Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Technique and results in 191 patients. J Neurosurg Sci. 1995 Mar. 39(1):37-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

60. Taha JM, Tew JM Jr. Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1997 Jan. 8(1):31-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

61. Meglio M, Cioni B. Percutaneous procedures for trigeminal neuralgia: microcompression versus radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Personal experience. Pain. 1989 Jul. 38(1):9-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

62. Leksell L. Stereotactic radiosurgery in trigeminal neuralgia. Acta Chem Scand. 1971. 37:311-314.

63. Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Flickinger JC, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a multi-institutional study using the gamma unit. J Neurosurg. 1996 Jun. 84(6):940-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

64. Kondziolka D, Perez B, Flickinger JC, et al. Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: results and expectations. Arch Neurol. 1998 Dec. 55(12):1524-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

65. Deinsberger R, Tidstrand J. Linac radiosurgery as a tool in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Rev. 2005 Apr. 28(2):79-88; discussion 89-90, 91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

66. Bendtsen L, Zakrzewska JM, Abbott J, Braschinsky M, Di Stefano G, Donnet A, et al. European Academy of Neurology guideline on trigeminal neuralgia. Eur J Neurol. 2019 Jun. 26 (6):831-849. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

67. Kondziolka D, Lemley T, Kestle JR, Lunsford LD, Fromm GH, Jannetta PJ. The effect of single-application topical ophthalmic anesthesia in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 1994 Jun. 80(6):993-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

68. Türk U, Ilhan S, Alp R, Sur H. Botulinum toxin and intractable trigeminal neuralgia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2005 Jul-Aug. 28(4):161-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

69. Gilron I, Booher SL, Rowan JS, Max MB. Topiramate in trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled multiple crossover pilot study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2001 Mar-Apr. 24(2):109-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

70. Zvartau-Hind M, Din MU, Gilani A, et al. Topiramate relieves refractory trigeminal neuralgia in MS patients. Neurology. 2000 Nov 28. 55(10):1587-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

71. Farago F. Trigeminal neuralgia: its treatment with two new carbamazepine analogues. Eur Neurol. 1987. 26(2):73-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

72. Beydown A, et al. Meta-analysis of comparative trials of oxcarbazepine versus carbamazepine in trigeminal neuralgia. Oxcarbazepine Study Group. Poster presented at the 21st American Pain Society Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Md; Mar 14-17, 2002.

73. Bender MT, Pradilla G, Batra S, See AP, James C, Pardo CA, et al. Glycerol rhizotomy and radiofrequency thermocoagulation for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis. J Neurosurg. 2013 Feb. 118(2):329-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

74. Jorns TP, Zakrzewska JM. Evidence-based approach to the medical management of trigeminal neuralgia. Br J Neurosurg. 2007 Jun. 21(3):253-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

75. Sandell T, Eide PK. Effect of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia patients with or without constant pain. Neurosurgery. 2008 Jul. 63(1):93-9; discussion 99-100. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

76. Truini A, Galeotti F, Haanpaa M, Zucchi R, Albanesi A, Biasiotta A, et al. Pathophysiology of pain in postherpetic neuralgia: A clinical and neurophysiological study. Pain. 2008 Oct 25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Manish K Singh, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Teaching Faculty for Pain Management and Neurology Residency Program, Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel College of Medicine; Medical Director, Neurology and Pain Management, Jersey Institute of Neuroscience

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