Leptomeningeal Metastases Questions & Answers

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3. Wang N, Bertalan MS, Brastianos PK. Leptomeningeal metastasis from systemic cancer: Review and update on management. Cancer. 2018 Jan 1. 124 (1):21-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Engelhard HH, Willis AJ, Hussain SI, Papavasiliou G, Banner DJ, Kwasnicki A, et al. Etoposide-Bound Magnetic Nanoparticles Designed for Remote Targeting of Cancer Cells Disseminated Within Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathways. Front Neurol. 2020. 11:596632. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Quijano S, López A, Manuel Sancho J, Panizo C, Debén G, Castilla C, et al. Identification of leptomeningeal disease in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: improved sensitivity of flow cytometry. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 20. 27(9):1462-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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7. Sindhu KK, Chang S, Liu J, Bakst RL, Dharmarajan KV. In a Patient With Cancer, Not All That Enhances Is Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis. J Oncol Pract. 2019 Oct. 15 (10):558-559. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Wasserstrom WR, Glass JP, Posner JB. Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: experience with 90 patients. Cancer. 1982 Feb 15. 49(4):759-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Barshes N, Demopoulos A, Engelhard HH. Anatomy and physiology of the leptomeninges and CSF space. Cancer Treat Res. 2005. 125:1-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Chamberlain MC. Leptomeningeal metastasis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2009 Sep 4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Gani C, Müller AC, Eckert F, Schroeder C, Bender B, Pantazis G, et al. Outcome after whole brain radiotherapy alone in intracranial leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from solid tumors. Strahlenther Onkol. 2012 Feb. 188(2):148-153. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Nagano T, Kotani Y, Kobayashi K, Hatakeyama Y, Hori S, Kasai D, et al. Long-term outcome after multidisciplinary approach for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a non-small cell lung cancer patient with poor performance status. Intern Med. 2011. 50(24):3019-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Oechsle K, Lange-Brock V, Kruell A, Bokemeyer C, de Wit M. Prognostic factors and treatment options in patients with leptomeningeal metastases of different primary tumors: a retrospective analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2010 Nov. 136 (11):1729-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Hiraumi H, Yamamoto N, Sakamoto T, Ito J. Peripheral facial palsy caused by neoplastic meningitis. Laryngoscope. 2014 Sep. 124 (9):2139-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Knafo S, Pallud J, Le Rhun E, Parker F, Iakovlev G, Roux FX, et al. Intradural extramedullary spinal metastases of non-neurogenic origin: a distinct clinical entity or a subtype of leptomeningeal metastasis? A case-control study. Neurosurgery. 2013 Dec. 73 (6):923-31; discussion 932. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Thakkar JP, Kumthekar P, Dixit KS, Stupp R, Lukas RV. Leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors. J Neurol Sci. 2020 Apr 15. 411:116706. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Chamberlain M, Soffietti R, Raizer J, Rudà R, Brandsma D, Boogerd W, et al. Leptomeningeal metastasis: a Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology critical review of endpoints and response criteria of published randomized clinical trials. Neuro Oncol. 2014 Sep. 16 (9):1176-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Pauls S, Fischer AC, Brambs HJ, Fetscher S, Höche W, Bommer M. Use of magnetic resonance imaging to detect neoplastic meningitis: limited use in leukemia and lymphoma but convincing results in solid tumors. Eur J Radiol. 2012 May. 81 (5):974-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Illán J, Simo M, Serrano C, Castañón S, Gonzalo R, Martínez-García M, et al. Differences in cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cell reaction of patients with leptomeningeal involvement by lymphoma and carcinoma. Transl Res. 2014 Dec. 164 (6):460-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Subirá D, Simó M, Illán J, Serrano C, Castañón S, Gonzalo R, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2015 Apr. 32 (4):383-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Wang P, Piao Y, Zhang X, Li W, Hao X. The concentration of CYFRA 21-1, NSE and CEA in cerebro-spinal fluid can be useful indicators for diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis of lung cancer. Cancer Biomark. 2013. 13 (2):123-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Groves MD, Hess KR, Puduvalli VK, Colman H, Conrad CA, Gilbert MR. Biomarkers of disease: cerebrospinal fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell derived factor (SDF)-1 levels in patients with neoplastic meningitis (NM) due to breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma. J Neurooncol. 2009 Sep. 94(2):229-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Subirá D, Serrano C, Castañón S, Gonzalo R, Illán J, Pardo J, et al. Role of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Neuro Oncol. 2012 Jan. 14(1):43-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

24. Wen PY, Chang SM, Van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Macdonald DR, Lee EQ. Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Jul 20. 35 (21):2439-2449. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Riess JW, Nagpal S, Iv M, Zeineh M, Gubens MA, Ramchandran K, et al. Prolonged survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in the modern treatment era. Clin Lung Cancer. 2014 May. 15 (3):202-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Stemmler HJ, Mengele K, Schmitt M, Harbeck N, Laessig D, Herrmann KA. Intrathecal trastuzumab (Herceptin) and methotrexate for meningeal carcinomatosis in HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer: a case report. Anticancer Drugs. 2008 Sep. 19(8):832-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Lu NT, Raizer J, Gabor EP, Liu NM, Vu JQ, Slamon DJ, et al. Intrathecal trastuzumab: immunotherapy improves the prognosis of leptomeningeal metastases in HER-2+ breast cancer patient. J Immunother Cancer. 2015. 3:41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

28. Park WY, Kim HJ, Kim K, Bae SB, Lee N, Lee KT, et al. Intrathecal Trastuzumab Treatment in Patients with Breast Cancer and Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis. Cancer Res Treat. 2015 Mar 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

29. Bousquet G, Darrouzain F, de Bazelaire C, Ternant D, Barranger E, Winterman S, et al. Intrathecal Trastuzumab Halts Progression of CNS Metastases in Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Dec 29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

30. Lin N, Dunn IF, Glantz M, Allison DL, Jensen R, Johnson MD, et al. Benefit of ventriculoperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunting and intrathecal chemotherapy in neoplastic meningitis: a retrospective, case-controlled study. J Neurosurg. 2011 Oct. 115(4):730-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Glantz MJ, Van Horn A, Fisher R, Chamberlain MC. Route of intracerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy administration and efficacy of therapy in neoplastic meningitis. Cancer. 2010 Apr 15. 116 (8):1947-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Pavlidis N. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Ann Oncol. 2004. 15 Suppl 4:iv285-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Lee SJ, Lee JI, Nam DH, Ahn YC, Han JH, Sun JM, et al. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: impact on survival and correlated prognostic factors. J Thorac Oncol. 2013 Feb. 8(2):185-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Chamberlain MC, Kormanik PA, Glantz MJ. A comparison between ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid cytology in adult patients with leptomeningeal metastases. Neuro-oncol. 2001 Jan. 3(1):42-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Roy S, Josephson SA, Fridlyand J, Karch J, Kadoch C, Karrim J. Protein biomarker identification in the CSF of patients with CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jan 1. 26(1):96-105. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Tetef ML, Margolin KA, Doroshow JH, et al. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of high-dose intravenous methotrexate in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2000. 46(1):19-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Herbert H Engelhard, III, MD, PhD, FACS, FAANS Affiliated Professor of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago

Herbert H Engelhard, III, MD, PhD, FACS, FAANS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Cancer Research, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Illinois State Medical Society

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Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

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Jorge C Kattah, MD Head, Associate Program Director, Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria

Jorge C Kattah, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Neurological Association, New York Academy of Sciences

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Stephen A Berman, MD, PhD, MBA Professor of Neurology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine

Stephen A Berman, MD, PhD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Neurology, Phi Beta Kappa

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Michael J Schneck, MD, MBA Vice Chair and Professor, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Loyola University, Chicago Stritch School of Medicine; Associate Director, Stroke Program, Director, Neurology Intensive Care Program, Medical Director, Neurosciences ICU, Loyola University Medical Center

Michael J Schneck, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Society of Neuroimaging, Neurocritical Care Society, Stroke Council of the American Heart Association

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Frederick M Vincent, Sr, MD Clinical Professor, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University Colleges of Human and Osteopathic Medicine

Frederick M Vincent, Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American College of Forensic Examiners Institute, American College of Legal Medicine, American College of Physicians

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Lawrence D Recht, MD Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Stanford University Medical School

Lawrence D Recht, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association for Cancer Research, American Neurological Association, and Society for Neuroscience

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R Andrew Sewell, MD Associate Research Scientist in Psychiatry and Mental Illness Research, Education,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health Care System, Yale University School of Medicine

R Andrew Sewell, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, American Pain Society, and American Psychiatric Association

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