Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Questions & Answers

1. Marden FA, Roy SS. Endovascular management of intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2005 Jul. 7(3):197-209. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. McCormack RF, Hutson A. Can computed tomography angiography of the brain replace lumbar puncture in the evaluation of acute-onset headache after a negative noncontrast cranial computed tomography scan?. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Apr. 17(4):444-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Park YS, Suk JS, Kwon JT. Repeated rupture of a middle meningeal artery aneurysm in moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg. 2009 Dec 11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. van der Velden LB, Otterspoor LC, Schultze Kool LJ, Biessels GJ, Verheugt FW. Acute myocardial infarction complicating subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neth Heart J. 2009 Aug. 17(7-8):284-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

5. Morris PG, Wilson JT, Dunn L. Anxiety and depression after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2004 Jan. 54(1):47-52; discussion 52-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Jaeger M, Soehle M, Schuhmann MU, Meixensberger J. Clinical Significance of Impaired Cerebrovascular Autoregulation After Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke. 2012 May 22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Naidech AM, Kreiter KT, Janjua N, et al. Cardiac troponin elevation, cardiovascular morbidity, and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Circulation. 2005 Nov 1. 112(18):2851-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Boggs W. Clinical Findings Identify Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction With Hemorrhage. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/809911. Accessed: September 1, 2013.

9. Muehlschlegel S, Kursun O, Topcuoglu MA, Fok J, Singhal AB. Differentiating Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage From Other Causes of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. JAMA Neurol. 2013 Aug 12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Al-Khindi T, Macdonald RL, Schweizer TA. Cognitive and functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2010 Aug. 41(8):e519-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Cassels C. Cocaine Use Linked to Higher Mortality Following SAH. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/782114.. Accessed: April 16, 2013.

12. Perry JJ, Stiell IG, Sivilotti ML, Bullard MJ, Lee JS, Eisenhauer M. High risk clinical characteristics for subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients with acute headache: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2010. 341:c5204. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Lin CL, Dumont AS, Lieu AS, et al. Characterization of perioperative seizures and epilepsy following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2003 Dec. 99(6):978-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Becker H. Consequences of a Nonrecognized Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Klin Neuroradiol. 2009 Nov 20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Schuiling WJ, Dennesen PJ, Tans JT, Kingma LM, Algra A, Rinkel GJ. Troponin I in predicting cardiac or pulmonary complications and outcome in subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Nov. 76(11):1565-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

16. Jeon IC, Chang CH, Choi BY, Kim MS, Kim SW, Kim SH. Cardiac troponin I elevation in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009 Aug. 46(2):99-102. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Suarez JI, Tarr RW, Selman WR. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 26. 354(4):387-96. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Perry JJ, Stiell IG, Sivilotti ML, Bullard MJ, Emond M, Symington C, et al. Sensitivity of computed tomography performed within six hours of onset of headache for diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011 Jul 18. 343:d4277. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

19. Boesiger BM, Shiber JR. Subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis by computed tomography and lumbar puncture: are fifth generation CT scanners better at identifying subarachnoid hemorrhage?. J Emerg Med. 2005 Jul. 29(1):23-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Goddard AJ, Tan G, Becker J. Computed tomography angiography for the detection and characterization of intra-cranial aneurysms: current status. Clin Radiol. 2005 Dec. 60(12):1221-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Jayaraman MV, Mayo-Smith WW, Tung GA, et al. Detection of intracranial aneurysms: multi-detector row CT angiography compared with DSA. Radiology. 2004 Feb. 230(2):510-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Millon D, Derelle AL, Omoumi P, Tisserand M, Schmitt E, Foscolo S, et al. Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Management: Evaluation with Reduced Iodine Volume at CT Angiography. Radiology. 2012 Jul. 264(1):203-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Maslehaty H, Petridis AK, Barth H, Mehdorn HM. Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in perimesencephalic and nonperimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown origin. J Neurosurg. 2011 Apr. 114(4):1003-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Koivisto T, Vanninen R, Hurskainen H, Saari T, Hernesniemi J, Vapalahti M. Outcomes of early endovascular versus surgical treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. A prospective randomized study. Stroke. 2000 Oct. 31(10):2369-77. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Molyneux A, Kerr R, Stratton I, et al. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Oct 26. 360(9342):1267-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Yu LM, et al. International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet. 2005 Sep 3-9. 366(9488):809-17. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Qureshi AI, Vazquez G, Tariq N, Suri MF, Lakshminarayan K, Lanzino G. Impact of International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial results on treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the United States. Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2011 Mar. 114(3):834-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. O'Kelly CJ, Kulkarni AV, Austin PC, Wallace MC, Urbach D. The impact of therapeutic modality on outcomes following repair of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: an administrative data analysis. J Neurosurg. 2009 Oct 23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Chitale R, Chalouhi N, Theofanis T, Starke RM, Amenta P, Jabbour P, et al. Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Comparison of Stenting and Balloon Remodeling. Neurosurgery. 2013 Mar 5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Whitfield PC, Kirkpatrick PJ. Timing of surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001. CD001697. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Koffijberg H, Rinkel GJ, Buskens E. Aneurysm Occlusion in Elderly Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Cost-Utility Analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009 Dec 3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. [Guideline] Bederson JB, Connolly ES Jr, Batjer HH, et al. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke. 2009 Mar. 40(3):994-1025. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Allen GS, Ahn HS, Preziosi TJ, et al. Cerebral arterial spasm--a controlled trial of nimodipine in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 1983 Mar 17. 308(11):619-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Pickard JD, Murray GD, Illingworth R, et al. Effect of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage: British aneurysm nimodipine trial. BMJ. 1989 Mar 11. 298(6674):636-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

35. Jeffrey S. FDA Nod for Nymalize Nimodipine Oral Solution in SAH. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804165. Accessed: May 18, 2013.

36. Tseng MY, Czosnyka M, Richards H, Pickard JD, Kirkpatrick PJ. Effects of acute treatment with pravastatin on cerebral vasospasm, autoregulation, and delayed ischemic deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke. 2005 Aug. 36(8):1627-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Lynch JR, Wang H, McGirt MJ, et al. Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial. Stroke. 2005 Sep. 36(9):2024-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Sillberg VA, Wells GA, Perry JJ. Do statins improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 2008 Sep. 39(9):2622-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Vergouwen MD, de Haan RJ, Vermeulen M, Roos YB. Effect of statin treatment on vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and functional outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. Stroke. 2010 Jan. 41(1):e47-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Sandercock P. Yes' or 'no' to routine statins after subarachnoid hemorrhage to prevent delayed cerebral ischaemia, vasospasm, and death? A cautionary tale of 2 meta-analyses. Stroke. 2010 Jan. 41(1):e1-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Dankbaar JW, Slooter AJ, Rinkel GJ, Schaaf IC. Effect of different components of triple-H therapy on cerebral perfusion in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2010. 14(1):R23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

42. Elliott JP, Newell DW, Lam DJ, et al. Comparison of balloon angioplasty and papaverine infusion for the treatment of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1998 Feb. 88(2):277-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Westermaier T, Stetter C, Vince GH, et al. Prophylactic intravenous magnesium sulfate for treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Crit Care Med. 2010 May. 38(5):1284-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Ma L, Liu WG, Zhang JM, Chen G, Fan J, Sheng HS. Magnesium sulphate in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of prospective controlled trials. Brain Inj. 2010. 24(5):730-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Wong GK, Poon WS, Chan MT, Boet R, Gin T, Ng SC, et al. Intravenous magnesium sulphate for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (IMASH): a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial. Stroke. 2010 May. 41(5):921-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Gomis P, Graftieaux JP, Sercombe R, Hettler D, Scherpereel B, Rousseaux P. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2010 Mar. 112(3):681-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Zhang S, Wang L, Liu M, Wu B. Tirilazad for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Feb 17. CD006778. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Suzuki S, Ito O, Sayama T, Goto K. Intra-arterial colforsin daropate for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuroradiology. 2010 Sep. 52(9):837-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Hughes PD, Becker GJ. Screening for intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2003 Aug. 8(4):163-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Bederson JB, Awad IA, Wiebers DO, et al. Recommendations for the management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2000 Oct 31. 102(18):2300-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Wermer MJ, Koffijberg H, van der Schaaf IC. Effectiveness and costs of screening for aneurysms every 5 years after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology. 2008 May 27. 70(22):2053-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Anderson P. Tool Helps Rule Out Bleeds in Acute Headache. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/811726. Accessed: October 8, 2013.

53. Newman-Toker DE, Edlow JA. High-stakes diagnostic decision rules for serious disorders: the Ottawa subarachnoid hemorrhage rule. JAMA. 2013 Sep 25. 310(12):1237-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Perry JJ, Stiell IG, Sivilotti ML, Bullard MJ, Hohl CM, Sutherland J, et al. Clinical decision rules to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage for acute headache. JAMA. 2013 Sep 25. 310(12):1248-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Tibor Becske, MD REX Neurosurgery and Spine Specialists, REX Neuroendovascular Surgery

Tibor Becske, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology

Disclosure: Received reimbursement of expenses and proctoring honoraria from ev3 for independent contractor.

Helmi L Lutsep, MD Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine; Associate Director, OHSU Stroke Center

Helmi L Lutsep, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Stroke Association

Disclosure: Medscape Neurology Editorial Advisory Board for: Stroke Adjudication Committee, CREST2; Physician Advisory Board for Coherex Medical; National Leader and Steering Committee Clinical Trial, Bristol Myers Squibb; Abbott Laboratories, advisory group.

George I Jallo, MD Professor of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Oncology, Director, Clinical Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

George I Jallo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Stephen A Berman, MD, PhD, MBA Professor of Neurology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine

Stephen A Berman, MD, PhD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Neurology, and Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Howard S Kirshner, MD Professor of Neurology, Psychiatry and Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vice Chairman, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Director, Vanderbilt Stroke Center; Program Director, Stroke Service, Vanderbilt Stallworth Rehabilitation Hospital; Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Howard S Kirshner, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Neurology, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, American Neurological Association, American Society of Neurorehabilitation, National Stroke Association, Phi Beta Kappa, and Tennessee Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

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