Addison T. On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Supra-renal Capsules. London, UK: Samuel Highley; 1855.
Oelkers W, Diederich S, Bahr V. Diagnosis and therapy surveillance in Addison's disease: rapid adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) test and measurement of plasma ACTH, renin activity, and aldosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Jul. 75(1):259-64. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Debono M, Ross RJ. Doses and steroids to be used in primary and central hypoadrenalism. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2007 Sep. 68(4):265-7. [Medline].
Reisch N, Arlt W. Fine tuning for quality of life: 21st century approach to treatment of Addison's disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2009 Jun. 38(2):407-18, ix-x. [Medline].
Olafsson AS, Sigurjonsdottir HA. INCREASING PREVALENCE OF ADDISON DISEASE: RESULTS FROM A NATIONWIDE STUDY. Endocr Pract. 2016 Jan. 22 (1):30-5. [Medline].
Hong AR, Ryu OH, Kim SY, Kim SW, Korean Adrenal Gland and Endocrine Hypertension Study Group, Korean Endocrine Society. Characteristics of Korean Patients with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Registry-Based Nationwide Survey in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2017 Dec. 32 (4):466-74. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Kyriazopoulou V. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with Addison's disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Apr. 8(6):725-9. [Medline].
Bergthorsdottir R, Leonsson-Zachrisson M, Oden A, et al. Premature mortality in patients with Addison's disease: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec. 91(12):4849-53. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Skov J, Sundstrom A, Ludvigsson JF, Kampe O, Bensing S. Sex-Specific Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Autoimmune Addison Disease-A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun 1. 104 (6):2031-40. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Hemminki K, Li X, Sundquist J, et al. Subsequent autoimmune or related disease in asthma patients: clustering of diseases or medical care?. Ann Epidemiol. 2010 Mar. 20(3):217-22. [Medline].
White K, Arlt W. Adrenal crisis in treated Addison's disease: a predictable but under-managed event. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010 Jan. 162(1):115-20. [Medline].
Chantzichristos D, Persson A, Eliasson B, et al. Mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease: a nationwide, matched, observational cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017 Jan. 176 (1):31-9. [Medline].
Barnett AH, Espiner EA, Donald RA. Patients presenting with Addison's disease need not be pigmented. Postgrad Med J. 1982 Nov. 58(685):690-2. [Medline].
McBrien DJ. Steatorrhea in Addison's disease. Lancet. 1963. Vol I:25-6.
Van Dellen RG, Purnell DC. Hyperkalemic paralysis in Addison's disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1969 Dec. 44(12):904-14.
Likhari T, Magzoub S, Griffiths MJ, et al. Screening for Addison's disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and recurrent hypoglycaemia. Postgrad Med J. 2007 Jun. 83(980):420-1. [Medline].
Guo YK, Yang ZG, Li Y, et al. Addison's disease due to adrenal tuberculosis: contrast-enhanced CT features and clinical duration correlation. Eur J Radiol. 2007 Apr. 62(1):126-31. [Medline].
Husebye E, Lovas K. Pathogenesis of primary adrenal insufficiency. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Apr. 23(2):147-57. [Medline].
Husebye ES, Bratland E, Bredholt G, et al. The substrate-binding domain of 21-hydroxylase, the main autoantigen in autoimmune Addison's disease, is an immunodominant T cell epitope. Endocrinology. 2006 May. 147(5):2411-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Wolff AS, Myhr KM, Vedeler CA, et al. Fc-gamma receptor polymorphisms are not associated with autoimmune Addison's disease. Scand J Immunol. 2007 Jun. 65(6):555-8. [Medline].
Roycroft M, Fichna M, McDonald D, et al. The tryptophan 620 allele of the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22 gene) predisposes to autoimmune Addison's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008 Aug 15. [Medline].
Elfstrom P, Montgomery SM, Kampe O, et al. Risk of primary adrenal insufficiency in patients with celiac disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep. 92(9):3595-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Betterle C, Lazzarotto F, Spadaccino AC, et al. Celiac disease in North Italian patients with autoimmune Addison's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Feb. 154(2):275-9. [Medline].
Biagi F, Campanella J, Soriani A, et al. Prevalence of coeliac disease in Italian patients affected by Addison's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006 Mar. 41(3):302-5. [Medline].
Wolff AS, Erichsen MM, Meager A, et al. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in Norway: phenotypic variation, autoantibodies, and novel mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb. 92(2):595-603. [Medline].
Magitta NF, Boe Wolff AS, Johansson S, et al. A coding polymorphism in NALP1 confers risk for autoimmune Addison's disease and type 1 diabetes. Genes Immun. 2008 Oct 23. [Medline].
Gombos Z, Hermann R, Kiviniemi M, et al. Analysis of extended human leukocyte antigen haplotype association with Addison's disease in three populations. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 Dec. 157(6):757-61. [Medline].
Glasgow BJ, Steinsapir KD, Anders K, et al. Adrenal pathology in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 1985 Nov. 84(5):594-7. [Medline].
Greene LW, Cole W, Greene JB, et al. Adrenal insufficiency as a complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Oct. 101(4):497-8. [Medline].
Membreno L, Irony I, Dere W, et al. Adrenocortical function in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Sep. 65(3):482-7. [Medline].
Mukhopadhya A, Danda S, Huebner A, et al. Mutations of the AAAS gene in an Indian family with Allgrove's syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Aug 7. 12(29):4764-6. [Medline].
Migeon CJ, Kenny EM, Kowarski A, et al. The syndrome of congenital adrenocortical unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of six cases. Pediatr Res. 1968 Nov. 2(6):501-13. [Medline].
Babu K, Murthy KR, Babu N, et al. Triple A syndrome with ophthalmic manifestations in two siblings. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jul-Aug. 55(4):304-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Mukherjee S, Newby E, Harvey JN. Adrenomyeloneuropathy in patients with 'Addison's disease': genetic case analysis. J R Soc Med. 2006 May. 99(5):245-9. [Medline].
Dias RP, Chan LF, Metherell LA, et al. Isolated Addison's disease is unlikely to be caused by mutations in MC2R, MRAP or STAR, three genes responsible for familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010 Feb. 162(2):357-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Baker BY, Lin L, Kim CJ, et al. Nonclassic congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia: a new disorder of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein with very late presentation and normal male genitalia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec. 91(12):4781-5. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Dackis CA, Gurpegui M, Pottash AL, et al. Methadone induced hypoadrenalism. Lancet. 1982 Nov 20. 2(8308):1167.
Sekiguchi Y, Hara Y, Matsuoka H, et al. Sibling cases of Addison's disease caused by DAX-1 gene mutations. Intern Med. 2007. 46(1):35-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Elansary EH, Earis JE. Rifampicin and adrenal crisis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983 Jun 11. 286(6381):1861-2.
Kyriazopoulou V, Parparousi O, Vagenakis AG. Rifampicin-induced adrenal crisis in addisonian patients receiving corticosteroid replacement therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984 Dec. 59(6):1204-6.
Demers LM, Whitley RJ. Function of the adrenal cortex: protocol for the rapid ACTH test. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, eds. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1999. Vol 43: 1530-60.
Dickstein G, Shechner C, Nicholson WE, et al. Adrenocorticotropin stimulation test: effects of basal cortisol level, time of day, and suggested new sensitive low dose test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Apr. 72(4):773-8. [Medline].
Dluhy RG, Himathongkam T, Greenfield M. Rapid ACTH test with plasma aldosterone levels. Improved diagnostic discrimination. Ann Intern Med. 1974 Jun. 80(6):693-6.
Lindholm J, Kehlet H. Re-evaluation of the clinical value of the 30 min ACTH test in assessing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1987 Jan. 26(1):53-9. [Medline].
May ME, Carey RM. Rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone test in practice. Retrospective review. Am J Med. 1985 Dec. 79(6):679-84. [Medline].
Barnett AH, Donald RA, Espiner EA. High concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone in untreated glucocorticoid deficiency: indication of primary hypothyroidism?. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Jul 17. 285(6336):172-3. [Medline].
Gharib H, Hodgson SF, Gastineau CF, et al. Reversible hypothyroidism in Addison's disease. Lancet. 1972 Oct 7. 2(7780):734-6. [Medline].
Ma ES, Yang ZG, Li Y, et al. Tuberculous Addison's disease: morphological and quantitative evaluation with multidetector-row CT. Eur J Radiol. 2007 Jun. 62(3):352-8. [Medline].
Lovas K, Husebye ES. Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion in Addison's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 Jul. 157(1):109-12. [Medline].
Reznik Y, Barat P, Bertherat J, et al. SFE/SFEDP adrenal insufficiency French consensus: Introduction and handbook. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2018 Jan 12. [Medline].
Lovas K, Gjesdal CG, Christensen M, et al. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and pharmacogenetics in Addison's disease: effects on bone. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Jun. 160(6):993-1002. [Medline].
Schulz J, Frey KR, Cooper MS, et al. Reduction in daily hydrocortisone dose improves bone health in primary adrenal insufficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 Apr. 174 (4):531-8. [Medline].
Chandy DD, Bhatia E. BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN PATIENTS WITH ADDISON DISEASE ON REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH PREDNISOLONE. Endocr Pract. 2016 Apr. 22 (4):434-9. [Medline].