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Media Gallery

Characteristics of adrenal masses and their malignant potential.
Differential diagnosis of adrenal mass
Pituitary-adrenal axis and cortisol-secreting adrenal mass.
Adrenal incidentaloma and disease type.
Left adrenal mass discovered incidentally.
Close-up of the left adrenal incidentaloma from the above image.
Homogeneous, well-defined, 7-HU ovoid mass is seen in the right adrenal gland; this finding is diagnostic of a benign adrenal incidentaloma.
Homogeneously enhancing ovoid mass is seen in the left adrenal gland.

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Table 1. Prevalence of AIs

Author	Method	Sample Size	Prevalence, %
Russl (1941)	Autopsy (>1 cm)	131/9000	1.5
Kokko (1967)^[4]	Autopsy (>5 mm)	21/1495	1.5
Hedeland (1967)	Autopsy (>2 mm)	64/739	8.7
Glazer (1982)^[5]	CT scan	16/2200	0.7
Abecassis (1985)^[6]	CT scan	19/1459	1.3
Belldegrun (1986)^[7]	CT scan	88/12000	0.7
Herrera (1991)^[8]	CT scan	259/61054	0.4

Table 2. Evaluation of AI Syndromes

Diagnosis	Features	Biochemical Tests
Pheochromocytoma	High blood pressure, catechol symptoms	Urine-free and plasma-free metanephrines
Primary aldosteronism	High blood pressure, low K⁺, low PRA*	Plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio
Adrenocortical carcinoma	Virilization or feminization	Urine 17-ketosteroids
Cushing or "silent" Cushing syndrome	Cushing symptoms or normal examination results	Overnight 1-mg dexamethasone test
*Plasma renin activity

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