Viral Meningitis Questions & Answers

1. Desmond RA, Accortt NA, Talley L, Villano SA, Soong SJ, Whitley RJ. Enteroviral meningitis: natural history and outcome of pleconaril therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jul. 50(7):2409-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

2. CDC. Final 2008 West Nile Virus Activity in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://bit.ly/fATcE1. Accessed: September 1, 2009.

3. Myung NS, Kim YJ, Kim YJ, Koo SK. Complicated mumps viral infection: An unusual presentation affecting only submandibular gland. Am J Otolaryngol. 2013 Apr 3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K. Mumps. Lancet. 2008 Mar 15. 371(9616):932-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Canada Communicable Disease Report. International Note: Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 11-12 June, 2003. April 1, 2004. Available at http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/04vol30/dr3007eb.html.

6. Weekly Epidemiological Record. World Health Organization. January 19, 2007. No. 3, 2007, 82:18-22. [Full Text].

7. Landry ML, Greenwold J, Vikram HR. Herpes simplex type-2 meningitis: presentation and lack of standardized therapy. Am J Med. 2009 Jul. 122(7):688-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Marque Juillet S, Lion M, Pilmis B, Tomini E, Dommergues MA, Laporte S, et al. [Value of polymerase chain reaction in serum for the diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis.]. Arch Pediatr. 2013 Apr 26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Clears Rapid Test for Meningitis. FDA. Available at http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2007/ucm108870.htm. Accessed: September 1, 2009.

10. King RL, Lorch SA, Cohen DM, Hodinka RL, Cohn KA, Shah SS. Routine cerebrospinal fluid enterovirus polymerase chain reaction testing reduces hospitalization and antibiotic use for infants 90 days of age or younger. Pediatrics. 2007 Sep. 120(3):489-96. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Kanegaye JT, Nigrovic LE, Malley R, Cannavino CR, Schwab SH, Bennett JE, et al. Diagnostic value of immature neutrophils (bands) in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Pediatrics. 2009 Jun. 123(6):e967-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Casasoprana A, Hachon Le Camus C, Claudet I, Grouteau E, Chaix Y, Cances C, et al. [Value of lumbar puncture after a first febrile seizure in children aged less than 18 months. A retrospective study of 157 cases.]. Arch Pediatr. 2013 Apr 29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Nigrovic, Kuppermann, Macias et al. Clinical Prediction Rule for Identifying Children With Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis at Very Low Risk of Bacterial Meningitis. JAMA. Jan 3, 2007. 297:52-60. [Full Text].

14. Nigrovic LE, Fine AM, Monuteaux MC, Shah SS, Neuman MI. Trends in the Management of Viral Meningitis at United States Children's Hospitals. Pediatrics. 2013 Apr. 131(4):670-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Rantakallio P, Leskinen M, von Wendt L. Incidence and prognosis of central nervous system infections in a birth cohort of 12,000 children. Scand J Infect Dis. 1986. 18 (4):287-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Davison KL, Ramsay ME. The epidemiology of acute meningitis in children in England and Wales. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Aug. 88 (8):662-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Kelly TA, O'Lorcain P, Moran J, Garvey P, McKeown P, Connell J, et al. Underreporting of viral encephalitis and viral meningitis, Ireland, 2005-2008. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013. 19 (9):1428-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Council on Foreign Relations. Vaccine-preventable outbreaks. Available at http://www.cfr.org/interactives/GH_Vaccine_Map/#introduction . Accessed: May 6, 2015.

19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles cases and outbreaks. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html . Accessed: May 7, 2015.

20. Hasbun R, Abrahams J, Jekel J, Quagliarello VJ. Computed tomography of the head before lumbar puncture in adults with suspected meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2001 Dec 13. 345 (24):1727-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Cordia Wan, MD Adult Neurologist, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Kaiser Permanente Southern California

Cordia Wan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Amir Vokshoor, MD Staff Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Surgeon, Diagnostic and Interventional Spinal Care, St John's Health Center

Amir Vokshoor, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, North American Spine Society, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Florian P Thomas, MD, PhD, MA, MS Chair, Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Director, Hereditary Neuropathy Center, Co-Director, Center for Memory Loss and Brain Health, Co-Director, ALS Center, Hackensack University Medical Center; Associate Dean of Faculty, Founding Chair and Professor, Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine

Florian P Thomas, MD, PhD, MA, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Academy of Spinal Cord Injury Professionals, American Academy of Neurology, American Neurological Association, Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Niranjan N Singh, MBBS, MD, DM, FAHS, FAANEM Adjunct Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine; Medical Director of St Mary's Stroke Program, SSM Neurosciences Institute, SSM Health

Niranjan N Singh, MBBS, MD, DM, FAHS, FAANEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Headache Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

J Stephen Huff, MD, FACEP Professor of Emergency Medicine and Neurology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine

J Stephen Huff, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article