Overview
What are the clinical features of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which factors increase the risk for cognitive impairment in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What types of seizures occur in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which physical findings are characteristic of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which findings on EEG are characteristic of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of neuroimaging in the workup of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which medications are used in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which surgical interventions are used in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which dietary modifications are used in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the pathophysiology of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
How is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) classified?
What causes Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is cryptogenic Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the ILAE classification of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the prevalence of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the prognosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is included in patient education about Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Presentation
What are the prognostic factors in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
How are seizures characterized in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which physical findings are pathognomonic for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which neurologic findings are characteristic of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What are the possible complications of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
DDX
Which conditions are included in the differential diagnoses of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What are the differential diagnoses for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?
Workup
How is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) diagnosed?
What is the role of EEG in the workup of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of interictal EEG in the workup of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of ictal EEG in the workup of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Treatment
How is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) treated?
What is the role of medications in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of lamotrigine (Lamictal) in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of topiramate (Topamax) in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of felbamate (Felbatol) in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of zonisamide (Zonegran) in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of vigabatrin (Sabril) in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of rufinamide (Banzel) in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of benzodiazepines in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of cannabidiol in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of corpus callosotomy in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of focal cortical resection in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of a ketogenic diet in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
What is the role of protective helmets in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Which specialist consultations are beneficial to patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
Medications
What are the goals of medical treatment for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS)?
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Patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome wearing a helmet with face guard to protect against facial injury from atonic seizures
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Slow spike wave pattern in a 24-year-old awake male with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The slow posterior background rhythm has frequent periods of 2- to 2.5-Hz discharges, maximal in the bifrontocentral areas, occurring in trains as long as 8 seconds without any clinical accompaniment.