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Nir Shimony, MD Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Le Bonheur Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Baptist Children’s Hospital, and Semmes Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Nir Shimony, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American Epilepsy Society, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, International Society of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Society for Neuro-Oncology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Christopher E Louie, MB, MPH Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

George I Jallo, MD Professor of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Oncology, Director, Clinical Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

George I Jallo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Amy Kao, MD Attending Neurologist, Children's National Medical Center

Amy Kao, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Epilepsy Society, Child Neurology Society

Disclosure: Have stock (managed by a financial services company) in healthcare companies including Allergan, Cellectar Biosciences, CVS Health, Danaher Corp, Johnson & Johnson.

Robert Stanley Rust, Jr, MD, MA Former Thomas E Worrell Jr Professor of Epileptology and Neurology, Co-Director of FE Dreifuss Child Neurology and Epilepsy Clinics, Director, Child Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Chair-Elect, Child Neurology Section, American Academy of Neurology

Robert Stanley Rust, Jr, MD, MA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Epilepsy Society, American Headache Society, American Neurological Association, Child Neurology Society, International Child Neurology Association, Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous coauthor Tibor Becske, MD, to the writing and development of this article.

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