Overview
What are psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
What are other terms used to describe psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
How common are psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
In what context should psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) be understood?
What is the pathophysiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
What is the prevalence of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
What is the prognosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
What is the most important prognostic factor in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
What is the role of patient education in the management of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
Presentation
What signs and symptoms of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
Which conditions are associated with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
Which physical and neurologic findings suggest psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures?
Workup
Which tests should be performed in the evaluation of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
What is the role of ambulatory EEG in the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
What is the role of induction in the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
Treatment
What are the treatment options for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
What is the main obstacle in the treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
Medications
Which medications are used in the treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?
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Psychogenic nonepileptic attacks. The event is provoked by an induction (or provocative) technique. Note the typical irregular nonclonic nontonic and asynchronous movements (including bicycling) with stop-and-go phenomenon.