Periodic Limb Movement Disorder Questions & Answers

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4. Moore H 4th, Winkelmann J, Lin L, Finn L, Peppard P, Mignot E. Periodic leg movements during sleep are associated with polymorphisms in BTBD9, TOX3/BC034767, MEIS1, MAP2K5/SKOR1, and PTPRD. Sleep. 2014 Sep 1. 37 (9):1535-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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7. Voderholzer U, Müller N, Haag C, Riemann D, Straube A. Periodic limb movements during sleep are a frequent finding in patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. J Neurol. 1997 Aug. 244(8):521-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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9. Picchietti DL, England SJ, Walters AS, et al. Periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Neurol. 1998 Dec. 13(12):588-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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14. Picchietti DL, Rajendran RR, Wilson MP, Picchietti MA. Pediatric restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: Parent-child pairs. Sleep Med. 2009 Mar 20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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16. Rosen D, Berbert L, Weller E. High prevalence of periodic limb movements of sleep in children with Down syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020 Mar 15. 16 (3):347-352. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Najar LL, de Castro Araújo Pastor RA, Foldvary-Schaefer N, da Mota Gomes M. Prevalence of periodic limb movement in sleep in people with epilepsy: A semi-structured literature review. Epilepsy Behav. 2021 Mar. 116:107721. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Telles SC, Alves RC, Chadi G. Periodic limb movements during sleep and restless legs syndrome in patients with ASIA A spinal cord injury. J Neurol Sci. 2011 Apr 15. 303 (1-2):119-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Marcus CL, Traylor J, Gallagher PR, Brooks LJ, Huang J, Koren D, et al. Prevalence of periodic limb movements during sleep in normal children. Sleep. 2014 Aug 1. 37 (8):1349-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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21. Gupta R, Kundu K, Khayyam K, Saini LK. Not what it seems to be: Depression versus periodic limb movement disorder. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020 Jul-Aug. 62 (4):437-439. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Picchietti MA, Picchietti DL, England SJ, Waiters AS, Couvadelli BV, Lewin DS, et al. Children show individual night-to-night variability of periodic limb movements in sleep. Sleep. 2009 Apr 1. 32(4):530-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

23. Moore H 4th, Leary E, Lee SY, Carrillo O, Stubbs R, Peppard P, et al. Design and validation of a periodic leg movement detector. PLoS One. 2014. 9 (12):e114565. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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25. Aurora RN, Kristo DA, Bista SR, Rowley JA, Zak RS, Casey KR, et al. The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults--an update for 2012: practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. Sleep. 2012 Aug 1. 35(8):1039-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

26. Pigeon WR, Yurcheshen M. Behavioral Sleep Medicine Interventions for Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder. Sleep Med Clin. 2009 Dec 1. 4(4):487-494. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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28. Marshall NS, Serinel Y, Killick R, Child JM, Raisin I, Berry CM, et al. Magnesium supplementation for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2019 Dec. 48:101218. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Littner MR, Kushida C, Anderson WM, et al. Practice parameters for the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep. 2004 May 1. 27(3):557-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Hening WA, Allen RP, Earley CJ, et al. An update on the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep. 2004 May 1. 27(3):560-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. [Guideline] Aurora RN, Kristo DA, Bista SR, Rowley JA, Zak RS, Casey KR, et al. The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults-an update for 2012: practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. Sleep. 2012 Aug 1. 35(8):1039-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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37. Iriarte J, Urrestarazu E, Alegre M, et al. Oscillatory cortical changes during periodic limb movements. Sleep. 2004 Dec 15. 27(8):1493-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Mello MT, Silva AC, Rueda AD, et al. Correlation between K complex, periodic leg movements (PLM), and myoclonus during sleep in paraplegic adults before and after an acute physical activity. Spinal Cord. 1997 Apr. 35(4):248-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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40. [Guideline] Vignatelli L, Billiard M, Clarenbach P. EFNS guidelines on management of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in sleep. Eur J Neurol. 2006 Oct. 13(10):1049-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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Deepak K Gupta, MD Assistant Professor of Neurological Sciences, The Robert Larner, MD, College of Medicine at The University of Vermont; Movement Disorders Neurologist, Binter Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Vermont Medical Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Magalie E Carey, BS MD Candidate, The Robert Larner, MD, College of Medicine at The University of Vermont

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Selim R Benbadis, MD Professor, Director of Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Selim R Benbadis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, American Epilepsy Society, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Alliance, Bioserenity, Ceribell, Eisai, Greenwich, LivaNova, Neurelis, Neuropace, Nexus, RSC, SK life science, Sunovion<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Alliance, Aquestive, Bioserenity, Eisai, Greenwich, LivaNova, Neurelis, SK life science, Sunovion<br/>Received research grant from: Cerevel, LivaNova, Greenwich, SK biopharmaceuticals, Takeda.

Wayne E Anderson, DO, FAHS, FAAN Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine/Neurology, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences; Clinical Faculty in Family Medicine, Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine; Clinical Instructor, Departments of Neurology and Pain Management, California Pacific Medical Center

Wayne E Anderson, DO, FAHS, FAAN is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, California Medical Association, California Neurology Society, International Headache Society, San Francisco Medical Society, San Francisco Neurological Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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