Corneal Ulcer Medication

Updated: Apr 05, 2023
  • Author: Jean Deschênes, MD, FRCSC; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy, Sr, MD  more...
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Medication

Immunosuppressant agents

Class Summary

Inhibit key factors in the immune system responsible for inflammatory responses.

Methotrexate (Folex PFS)

Unknown mechanism of action in treatment of inflammatory reactions; may affect immune function. Adjust dose gradually to attain satisfactory response.

Azathioprine (Imuran)

Antagonizes purine metabolism and inhibits synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. May decrease proliferation of immune cells, which results in lower autoimmune activity.

Cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral)

Cyclic polypeptide that suppresses some humoral immunity and, to a greater extent, cell-mediated immune reactions, such as delayed hypersensitivity, allograft rejection, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and graft vs host disease for a variety of organs. For children and adults, base dosing on ideal body weight. A compounded ophthalmic solution of this medication has been used experimentally (1 gtt qid) but has not demonstrated efficacy in patients with corneal ulcers.

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar)

Used to control severe collagen vascular diseases. Chemically related to nitrogen mustards. As an alkylating agent, the mechanism of action of the active metabolites may involve cross-linking of DNA, which may interfere with growth of normal and neoplastic cells.

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Antibiotics

Class Summary

Prevent superinfection in corneal ulcers with inadequate protection against bacterial keratitis.

Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic (Ciloxan)

Inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Indicated for superficial ocular infections of the conjunctiva or cornea caused by strains of microorganisms susceptible to ciprofloxacin.

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