Author
Jitander Dudee, MD, MA(Cantab), FACS, FRCOphth Ophthalmologist, Medical Vision Institute, PSC
Jitander Dudee, MD, MA(Cantab), FACS, FRCOphth is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Kentucky Medical Association, Royal College of Ophthalmologists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Christopher J Rapuano, MD Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Director of the Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital
Christopher J Rapuano, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Ophthalmological Society, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Cornea Society, Eye Bank Association of America, International Society of Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: AAO; OMIC; American Society of Ophthalmic Trauma (ASOT); Avellino, Baxis; Bio-Tissue; Celularity; Dompe; Emmecell; Glaukos; Kala; Oyster Point; Sun Ophthalmics; Tarsus; TearLab<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Glaukos; Dompe; Bio-Tissue<br/>Received research grant from: Glaukos<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: AAO; OMIC; Baxis; Bio-Tissue; Cellularity; Dompe; Glaukos; Kala; Sun Ophthalmics; TearLab<br/>stock options for: RPS, Fount Bio.
Chief Editor
Edsel B Ing, MD, PhD, MBA, MEd, MPH, MA, FRCSC Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Incoming Chair of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Canada
Edsel B Ing, MD, PhD, MBA, MEd, MPH, MA, FRCSC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Ophthalmological Society, Canadian Society of Oculoplastic Surgery, Chinese Canadian Medical Society, European Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, Ontario Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Statistical Society of Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
J Bradley Randleman, MD Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Section of Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine; Director of Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery Fellowship, Emory University; Physician Member, Section of Ophthalmology, The Emory Clinic
J Bradley Randleman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, International Society of Refractive Surgery, Cornea Society, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
C Diane Song, MD Chief of Ophthalmology, Asheville Veterans Affairs Medical Center
C Diane Song, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Evan S Loft, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University
Evan S Loft, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Bhairavi Kharod-Dholakia, MD North Georgia Eye Clinic
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Sheetal M Shah, MD Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology in Cornea and External Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center and Emory Vision, Emory University School of Medicine
Sheetal M Shah, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Joshua A Zeichner, MD Assistant Professor, Director of Cosmetic and Clinical Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Chief of Dermatology, Institute for Family Health at North General
Joshua A Zeichner, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, National Psoriasis Foundation
Disclosure: Received consulting fee from Valeant for consulting; Received grant/research funds from Medicis for other; Received consulting fee from Galderma for consulting; Received consulting fee from Promius for consulting; Received consulting fee from Pharmaderm for consulting; Received consulting fee from Onset for consulting.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ryan I Huffman, MD, with the literature review and referencing for this article.
