Overview
What is ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the pathophysiology of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the prevalence of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma in the US?
What is the mortality and morbidity associated with ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What are the racial predilections of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What are the sexual predilections of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
Which age groups have the highest prevalence of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
Presentation
What is the focus of the clinical history for ophthalmologic Kaposi Sarcoma?
What are the signs and symptoms of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is included in the ocular exam for Kaposi sarcoma?
Which physical findings are characteristic of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What causes ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Kaposi Sarcoma?
Workup
Which lab tests are performed in the workup of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the role of biopsy in the workup of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of type I Kaposi sarcoma?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of type II Kaposi sarcoma?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of type III Kaposi sarcoma?
Treatment
How is ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma treated?
What is the role of ABV combination therapy in the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the role of single-agent therapies in the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
How is paclitaxel (Taxol) administered for the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What are alternative chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the role of intralesional chemotherapy in the treatment ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the role of iron chelators in the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the role of irradiation in the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What are the indications for local excision in the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
How is local excision of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma performed?
How are conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma tumors treated surgically?
Which Kaposi sarcoma eyelid lesions are treated with cryotherapy?
Which specialist consultations are beneficial to patients with ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
Medications
What is the role of medications in the treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
Follow-up
What is included in the long-term monitoring following treatment of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
Which medications are used in the treatment of the ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is the prognosis of ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
What is included in patient education about ophthalmologic Kaposi sarcoma?
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Section of eyelid with Kaposi sarcoma lesion under high magnification. This tissue section demonstrates increased angiogenesis and spindle-shaped cells. Courtesy of Ben Glasgow, MD, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute.
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Section of eyelid with Kaposi sarcoma lesion under high magnification. This tissue section demonstrates endothelium-lined vascular channels and proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. Increased angiogenesis with erythrocyte extravasation is observed. Courtesy of Ben Glasgow, MD, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute.
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The inferior conjunctiva is involved more commonly than the superior conjunctiva in Kaposi sarcoma. Courtesy of Gary N Holland, MD, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute.
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Kaposi sarcoma involvement of the eyelid. Courtesy of Gary N Holland, MD, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute.