Author
Fiona Costello, MD, FRCP Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neuro-opthalmologist, Clinical Neurologist and Clinical Investigator, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Canada
Fiona Costello, MD, FRCP is a member of the following medical societies: Alberta Medical Association, American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, Canadian Medical Protective Association, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, Ontario Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Clene; Prime; EMD Serono.
Coauthor(s)
Etienne Benard-Seguin, MD Chief Resident Physician, Department of Ophthalmology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Tyler Henry, MD Medical Illustrator (tylerhenrymd.com)
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Chief Editor
Andrew G Lee, MD Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital; Clinical Professor, Associate Program Director, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine; Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Professor of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Clinical Associate Professor, University of Buffalo, State University of New York School of Medicine
Andrew G Lee, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Geriatrics Society, Houston Neurological Society, Houston Ophthalmological Society, International Council of Ophthalmology, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, Texas Ophthalmological Association
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: AstraZeneca; Bristol Myers Squibb; Horizon<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Horizon<br/>Received ownership interest from Credential Protection for other.
Additional Contributors
Brian R Younge, MD Professor of Ophthalmology (Retired), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine
Brian R Younge, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Ophthalmological Society, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Edsel B Ing, MD, PhD, MBA, MEd, MPH, MA, FRCSC Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Incoming Chair of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Canada
Edsel B Ing, MD, PhD, MBA, MEd, MPH, MA, FRCSC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Ophthalmological Society, Canadian Society of Oculoplastic Surgery, Chinese Canadian Medical Society, European Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, Ontario Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Statistical Society of Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
James Goodwin, MD Associate Professor, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of Illinois College of Medicine; Director, Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary
James Goodwin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, Illinois State Medical Society, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, Royal Society of Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Bayan Ali Mahmoud Al Othman, MD Fellow in Neuro-Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Hospital
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.