Congenital Nystagmus (Infantile Nystagmus) Questions & Answers

1. Celdrán-Vivancos D, Noval-Martín S, González-Manrique M, Negoita A, Porto-Castro S. Eye oscilations with neurological implications in pediatric age. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed). 2021 Jul. 96 (7):366-376. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Ehrt O. Infantile and acquired nystagmus in childhood. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2012 Nov. 16(6):567-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Nash DL, Diehl NN, Mohney BG. Incidence and Types of Pediatric Nystagmus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017 Oct. 182:31-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Richards MD, Wong A. Infantile nystagmus syndrome: clinical characteristics, current theories of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Can J Ophthalmol. 2015 Dec. 50 (6):400-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Akman OE, Broomhead DS, Abadi RV, Clement RA. Components of the neural signal underlying congenital nystagmus. Exp Brain Res. 2012 Aug. 220(3-4):213-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Hackett A, Tarpey PS, Licata A, et al. CASK mutations are frequent in males and cause X-linked nystagmus and variable XLMR phenotypes. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 May. 18(5):544-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

7. Birch EE, Wang J, Felius J, Stager DR Jr, Hertle RW. Fixation control and eye alignment in children treated for dense congenital or developmental cataracts. J AAPOS. 2012 Apr. 16(2):156-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

8. McLean R, Proudlock F, Thomas S, Degg C, Gottlob I. Congenital nystagmus: randomized, controlled, double-masked trial of memantine/gabapentin. Ann Neurol. 2007 Feb. 61(2):130-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Sarvananthan N, Proudlock FA, Choudhuri I, Dua H, Gottlob I. Pharmacologic treatment of congenital nystagmus. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Jun. 124(6):916-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Hertle RW, Dell'Osso LF, FitzGibbon EJ, Yang D, Mellow SD. Horizontal rectus muscle tenotomy in children with infantile nystagmus syndrome: a pilot study. J AAPOS. 2004 Dec. 8(6):539-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Hertle RW, Felius J, Yang D, Kaufman M. Eye muscle surgery for infantile nystagmus syndrome in the first two years of life. Clin Ophthalmol. 2009. 3:615-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

12. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Neuro-Ophthalmology, Basic and Clinical Science Course. San Francisco, Calif: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2011. Section 5.

13. Arnoldi KA, Tychsen L. Prevalence of intracranial lesions in children initially diagnosed with disconjugate nystagmus (spasmus nutans). J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1995 Sep-Oct. 32(5):296-301. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Cabot A, Rozet JM, Gerber S, et al. A gene for X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus (NYS1) maps to chromosome Xp11.4-p11.3. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Apr. 64(4):1141-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

15. Flickinger K, Tao JP. Ophthalmic Pearls: Neuro-Ophthalmology; How to Assess and Treat Infantile Nystagmus. Eye Net Magazine. 2013.

16. Golubovic S, Marjanovic S, Cvetkovic D, Manic S. The application of hard contact lenses in patients with congenital nystagmus. Fortschr Ophthalmol. 1989. 86(5):535-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Harris C, Berry D. A developmental model of infantile nystagmus. Semin Ophthalmol. 2006 Apr-Jun. 21(2):63-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Helveston EM, Ellis FD, Plager DA. Large recession of the horizontal recti for treatment of nystagmus. Ophthalmology. 1991 Aug. 98(8):1302-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Hertle RW, Zhu X. Oculographic and clinical characterization of thirty-seven children with anomalous head postures, nystagmus, and strabismus: the basis of a clinical algorithm. J AAPOS. 2000 Feb. 4(1):25-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Lennerstrand G, Nordbo OA, Tian S, Eriksson-Derouet B, Ali T. Treatment of strabismus and nystagmus with botulinum toxin type A. An evaluation of effects and complications. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1998 Feb. 76(1):27-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Lorenz B, Moore A, eds. Management of Congenital Nystagmus with and without Stabismus. Pediatric Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Genetics (Essentials in Ophthalmology). New York, NY: Springer; 2010. 153-71.

22. Mezawa M, Ishikawa S, Ukai K. Changes in waveform of congenital nystagmus associated with biofeedback treatment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990 Aug. 74(8):472-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

23. Miura K, Hertle RW, FitzGibbon EJ, Optican LM. Effects of tenotomy surgery on congenital nystagmus waveforms in adult patients. Part II. Dynamical systems analysis. Vision Res. 2003 Oct. 43(22):2357-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Pratt-Johnson JA. Results of surgery to modify the null-zone position in congenital nystagmus. Can J Ophthalmol. 1991 Jun. 26(4):219-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Reinecke RD. Costenbader Lecture. Idiopathic infantile nystagmus: diagnosis and treatment. J AAPOS. 1997 Jun. 1(2):67-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Sprunger DT, Wasserman BN, Stidham DB. The relationship between nystagmus and surgical outcome in congenital esotropia. J AAPOS. 2000 Feb. 4(1):21-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Nachev P, Rose GE, Verity DH, Manohar SG, MacKenzie K, Adams G, et al. Magnetic Oculomotor Prosthetics for Acquired Nystagmus. Ophthalmology. 2017 Oct. 124(10):1556-1564. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

Mark Ventocilla, OD, FAAO Chief Executive Officer, Elder Eye Care Group, PLC; Chief Executive Officer, Mark Ventocilla, OD, Inc; President, California Eye Wear, Oakwood Optical

Mark Ventocilla, OD, FAAO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Optometry, American Optometric Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD Clinical Professor of Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

J James Rowsey, MD Former Director of Corneal Services, St Luke's Cataract and Laser Institute

J James Rowsey, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Medical Association, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Florida Medical Association, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society, Southern Medical Association, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Edsel B Ing, MD, PhD, MBA, MEd, MPH, MA, FRCSC Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Incoming Chair of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Canada

Edsel B Ing, MD, PhD, MBA, MEd, MPH, MA, FRCSC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Ophthalmological Society, Canadian Society of Oculoplastic Surgery, Chinese Canadian Medical Society, European Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, Ontario Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Statistical Society of Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD Medical Director, Ophthalmology, Family Eye Care of the Carolinas and Surgery Center of Pinehurst

Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, North Carolina Medical Society, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Theodore Curtis, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado; Consulting Staff, Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute

Theodore Curtis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology and American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

David T Wheeler, MD Associate Professor, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University

David T Wheeler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article