Kessing LV, Vradi E, Andersen PK. Nationwide and population-based prescription patterns in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2016 Mar. 18(2):174-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Baldessarini RJ, Leahy L, Arcona S, Gause D, Zhang W, Hennen J. Patterns of psychotropic drug prescription for U.S. patients with diagnoses of bipolar disorders. Psychiatr Serv. 2007 Jan. 58(1):85-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Gitlin M. Lithium side effects and toxicity: prevalence and management strategies. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2016 Dec. 4 (1):27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kuman Tuncel O, Akdeniz F, Ozbek SS, Kavukcu G, Unal Kocabas G. Thyroid function and ultrasonography abnormalities in lithium-treated bipolar patients: a cross-sectional study with healthy controls. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2017 Jun. 54(2):108-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Sierra P, Camara R, Tobella H, Livianos L. What is the real significance and management of major thyroid disorders in bipolar patients?. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2014 Apr-Jun. 7(2):88-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kar N, Hullumane SR, Williams C. Thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism in a patient on lithium. Ment Illn. 2014 Sep 2. 6(2):5415. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Chakrabarti S. Thyroid functions and bipolar affective disorder. J Thyroid Res. 2011. 2011:306367. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Perrild H, Hegedus L, Baastrup PC, et al. Thyroid function and ultrasonically determined thyroid size in patients receiving long-term lithium treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 1990 Nov. 147(11):1518-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gaberscek S, Kalisnik M, Pezdirc M, et al. Influence of lithium on growth and viability of thyroid follicular cells. Folia Biol (Praha). 2002. 48(5):200-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gracious BL, Findling RL, Seman C, et al. Elevated thyrotropin in bipolar youths prescribed both lithium and divalproex sodium. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Feb. 43(2):215-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bocchetta A, Cocco F, Velluzzi F, et al. Fifteen-year follow-up of thyroid function in lithium patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007 May. 30(5):363-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kupka RW, Nolen WA, Post RM, et al. High rate of autoimmune thyroiditis in bipolar disorder: lack of association with lithium exposure. Biol Psychiatry. 2002. 51:305-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shine B, McKnight RF, Leaver L, Geddes JR. Long-term effects of lithium on renal, thyroid, and parathyroid function: a retrospective analysis of laboratory data. Lancet. 2015 Aug 1. 386(9992):461-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kibirige D, Luzinda K, Ssekitoleko R. Spectrum of lithium induced thyroid abnormalities: a current perspective. Thyroid Res. 2013 Feb 7. 6(1):3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Faggiano A, Del Prete M, Marciello F, Marotta V, Ramundo V, Colao A. Thyroid diseases in elderly. Minerva Endocrinol. 2011 Sep. 36(3):211-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Emerson CH, Dysno WL, Utiger RD. Serum thyrotropin and thyroxine concentrations in patients receiving lithium carbonate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1973 Feb. 36(2):338-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, et al. Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002). Thyroid. 2007 Dec. 17(12):1211-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Caykoylu A, Capoglu I, Unuvar N, et al. Thyroid abnormalities in lithium-treated patients with bipolar affective disorder. J Int Med Res. 2002 Jan-Feb. 30(1):80-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lazarus JH. The effects of lithium therapy on thyroid and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Thyroid. 1998 Oct. 8(10):909-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Loviselli A, Bocchetta A, Mossa P, et al. Value of thyroid echography in the long-term follow-up of lithium-treated patients. Neuropsychobiology. 1997. 36(1):37-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bauer M, Blumentritt H, Finke R, et al. Using ultrasonography to determine thyroid size and prevalence of goiter in lithium-treated patients with affective disorders. J Affect Disord. 2007 Dec. 104(1-3):45-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lombardi G, Panza N, Biondi B, et al. Effects of lithium treatment on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: a longitudinal study. J Endocrinol Invest. 1993 Apr. 16(4):259-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bschor T, Baethge C, Adli M, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system activity during lithium augmentation therapy in patients with unipolar major depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003. 28:210-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Hannon WH, et al. Iodine nutrition in the United States. Trends and public health implications: iodine excretion data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971-1974 and 1988-1994). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct. 83(10):3401-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Bocchetta A, Mossa P, Velluzzi F, et al. Ten-year follow-up of thyroid function in lithium patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Dec. 21(6):594-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bou Khalil R, Richa S. Thyroid adverse effects of psychotropic drugs: a review. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2011 Nov-Dec. 34(6):248-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gaberscek S, Kalisnik M, Pavlin K, et al. Influence of lithium on cell function in two different cell systems. Folia Biol (Praha). 2003. 49:110-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kraszewska A, Ziemnicka K, Jonczyk-Potoczna K, Sowinski J, Rybakowski JK. Thyroid structure and function in long-term lithium-treated and lithium-naïve bipolar patients. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2019 Jul. 34(4):e2708. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].