Actinomycosis in Ophthalmology Medication

1. Robboy SJ, Vickery AL Jr. Tinctorial and morphologic properties distinguishing actinomycosis and nocardiosis. N Engl J Med. 1970 Mar 12. 282(11):593-6. [Medline].

2. Acevedo F, Baudrand R, Letelier LM, et al. Actinomycosis: a great pretender. Case reports of unusual presentations and a review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis. 2008 Jul. 12(4):358-62. [Medline].

3. Figdor D, Davies J. Cell surface structures of Actinomyces israelii. Aust Dent J. 1997 Apr. 42(2):125-8. [Medline].

4. Holmberg K, Nord CE, Wadström T. Serological studies of Actinomyces israelii by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: taxonomic and diagnostic applications. Infect Immun. 1975 Aug. 12(2):398-403. [Medline].

5. Lambert FW Jr, Brown JM, Georg LK. Identification of Actinomyces israelii and Actinomyces naeslundii by fluorescent-antibody and agar-gel diffusion techniques. J Bacteriol. 1967 Nov. 94(5):1287-95. [Medline].

6. Hall V. Actinomyces--gathering evidence of human colonization and infection. Anaerobe. 2008 Feb. 14(1):1-7. [Medline].

7. Karimian F, Feizi S, Nazari R, et al. Delayed-onset Actinomyces keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. Cornea. 2008 Aug. 27(7):843-6. [Medline].

8. Briscoe D, Edelstein E, Zacharopoulos I, et al. Actinomyces canaliculitis: diagnosis of a masquerading disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2004 Aug. 242(8):682-6. [Medline].

9. Demant E, Hurwitz JJ. Canaliculitis: review of 12 cases. Can J Ophthalmol. 1980 Apr. 15(2):73-5. [Medline].

10. Eloy P, Brandt H, Nollevaux MC, et al. Solid cast-forming actinomycotic canaliculitis: case report. Rhinology. 2004 Jun. 42(2):103-6. [Medline].

11. Fulmer NL, Neal JG, Bussard GM, Edlich RF. Lacrimal canaliculitis. Am J Emerg Med. 1999 Jul. 17(4):385-6. [Medline].

12. Hussain I, Bonshek RE, Loudon K, et al. Canalicular infection caused by Actinomyces. Eye. 1993. 7 (Pt 4):542-4. [Medline].

13. McKellar MJ, Aburn NS. Cast-forming Actinomyces israelii canaliculitis. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1997 Nov. 25(4):301-3. [Medline].

14. Richards WW. Actinomycotic lacrimal canaliculitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973 Jan. 75(1):155-7. [Medline].

15. Smith RL, Henderson PN. Actinomycotic canaliculitis. Aust J Ophthalmol. 1980 Feb. 8(1):75-9. [Medline].

16. Sullivan TJ, Hakin KN, Sathananthan N, et al. Chronic canaliculitis. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1993 Nov. 21(4):273-4. [Medline].

17. Takemura M, Yokoi N, Nakamura Y, et al. [Canaliculitis caused by Actinomyces in a case of dry eye with punctal plug occlusion]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 2002 Jul. 106(7):416-9. [Medline].

18. Vécsei VP, Huber-Spitzy V, Arocker-Mettinger E, et al. Canaliculitis: difficulties in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and comparison between conservative and surgical treatment. Ophthalmologica. 1994. 208(6):314-7. [Medline].

19. Marthin JK, Lindegaard J, Prause JU, et al. Lesions of the lacrimal drainage system: a clinicopathological study of 643 biopsy specimens of the lacrimal drainage system in Denmark 1910-1999. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2005 Feb. 83(1):94-9. [Medline].

20. Freedman JR, Markert MS, Cohen AJ. Primary and secondary lacrimal canaliculitis: a review of literature. Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Jul-Aug. 56(4):336-47. [Medline].

21. Pappalardo J, Lee GA, Whitehead K. Actinomycotic granule of the caruncle: a case report. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Jul-Aug. 27(4):e100-2. [Medline].

22. Shtein RM, Newton DW, Elner VM. Actinomyces infectious crystalline keratopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Apr. 129(4):515-7. [Medline]. [Full Text].

23. Hay-Smith G, Rose GE. Lacrimal gland ductulitis caused by probable Actinomyces infection. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jan. 119(1):193-6. [Medline].

24. Perez-Santonja JJ, Campos-Mollo E, Fuentes-Campos E, et al. Actinomyces neuii subspecies anitratus chronic endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2007 May-Jun. 17(3):445-7. [Medline].

25. Scarano FJ, Ruddat MS, Robinson A. Actinomyces viscosus postoperative endophthalmitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999 Jun. 34(2):115-7. [Medline].

26. Milman T, Mirani N, Gibler T, et al. Actinomyces israelii endogenous endophthalmitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar. 92(3):427-8. [Medline].

27. Dhaliwal U, Arora VK, Singh N, et al. Clinical and cytopathologic correlation in chronic inflammations of the orbit and ocular adnexa: a review of 55 cases. Orbit. 2004 Dec. 23(4):219-25. [Medline].

28. Leigh RJ, Good EF, Rudy RP. Ophthalmoplegia due to actinomycosis. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1986 Sep. 6(3):157-9. [Medline].

29. Pagliani L, Campi L, Cavallini GM. Orbital actinomycosis associated with painful ophthalmoplegia. Actinomycosis of the orbit. Ophthalmologica. 2006. 220(3):201-5. [Medline].

30. Sullivan TJ, Aylward GW, Wright JE. Actinomycosis of the orbit. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992 Aug. 76(8):505-6. [Medline].

31. Huerva V, Espinet R, Galindo C. Recurrent orbital inflammation and Whipple disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2008 Jan-Feb. 16(1):37-9. [Medline].

32. Hegde V, Puthran N, Mahesha S, Anupama B. A rare and an unusually delayed presentation of orbital actinomycosis following avulsion injury of the scalp. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2010 May-Jun. 58(3):238-40. [Medline]. [Full Text].

33. Stupp T, Pavlidis M, Busse H, et al. Presurgical and postsurgical ultrasound assessment of lacrimal drainage dysfunction. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Nov. 138(5):764-71. [Medline].

34. Tost F, Bruder R, Clemens S. [20-MHz ultrasound of pre-saccular lacrimal ducts]. Ophthalmologe. 2002 Jan. 99(1):25-8. [Medline].

35. Tost F, Bruder R, Clemens S. Clinical diagnosis of chronic canaliculitis by 20-MHz ultrasound. Ophthalmologica. 2000. 214(6):433-6. [Medline].

36. Tost F, Bruder R, Ostendorf M. [High-frequency ultrasonography applied to disorders of the lacrimal canaliculi (Part 2)]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2003 Dec. 26(10):1035-8. [Medline].

37. Barnard D, Davies J, Figdor D. Susceptibility of Actinomyces israelii to antibiotics, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide. Int Endod J. 1996 Sep. 29(5):320-6. [Medline].

38. Martin MV. The use of oral amoxycillin for the treatment of actinomycosis. A clinical and in vitro study. Br Dent J. 1984 Apr 7. 156(7):252-4. [Medline].

39. Mohr JA, Rhoades ER, Muchmore HG. Actinomycosis treated with lincomycin. JAMA. 1970 Jun 29. 212(13):2260-2. [Medline].

40. Zimmerman TJ, et al, eds. Textbook of Ocular Pharmacology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997.

41. Shauly Y, Nachum Z, Gdal-On M, et al. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for actinomycotic lacrimal canaliculitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1993 Jul. 231(7):429-31. [Medline].

42. Lee MJ, Choung HK, Kim NJ, Khwarg SI. One-snip punctoplasty and canalicular curettage through the punctum: a minimally invasive surgical procedure for primary canaliculitis. Ophthalmology. 2009 Oct. 116(10):2027-30.e2. [Medline].

43. Baldursdóttir E, Sigurdsson H, Jónasson L, Gottfredsson M. Actinomycotic canaliculitis: resolution following surgery and short topical antibiotic treatment. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010 May. 88(3):367-70. [Medline].

44. Georg LK, Coleman RM, Brown JM. Evaluation of an agar precipitin test for the serodiagnosis of actinomycosis. J Immunol. 1968 Jun. 100(6):1288-92. [Medline].

45. Khan A, Lightman S. The eye in gastrointestinal disease. Hosp Med. 2003 Sep. 64(9):548-51. [Medline].

46. Lee AG. Ocular whipple's disease. Ophthalmology. 2002 Nov. 109(11):1952-3; author reply 1953. [Medline].

47. Medical Economics. Physicians' Desk Reference. NJ: Medical Economics Press; 1999.

48. Shah JK. Actinomycosis: a ten year review. East Afr Med J. 1971 Sep. 48(9):496-501. [Medline].

49. Vagarali MA, Karadesai SG, Dandur MS. Lacrimal canaliculitis due to actinomyces: a rare entity. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2011 Jul-Sep. 54(3):661-3. [Medline].

50. Weinberg RJ, Sartoris MJ, Buerger GF Jr, et al. Fusobacterium in presumed Actinomyces canaliculitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1977 Sep. 84(3):371-4. [Medline].

51. Mehrotra N, Baidya A, Brijwal M, Aggarwal R, Chaudhry R. Actinomycosis of eye: Forgotten but not uncommon. Anaerobe. 2015 Oct. 35 (Pt B):1-2. [Medline].

Manolette R Roque, MD, MBA, FPAO Department Chairman and Chief of Section on Ocular Immunology and Uveitis, Department of Ophthalmology, Asian Hospital and Medical Center; Section Chief, Ocular Immunology and Uveitis, International Eye Institute, St Luke's Medical Center Global City

Manolette R Roque, MD, MBA, FPAO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Uveitis Society, European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, International Ocular Inflammation Society, Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology, Philippine College of Surgeons, Philippine Medical Association, Philippine Ocular Inflammation Society, Philippine Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, University of the Philippines Medical Alumni Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Barbara L Roque, MD, DPBO, FPAO Senior Partner, Roque Eye Clinic; Chief of Service, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Section, Department of Ophthalmology, Asian Hospital and Medical Center; Active Consultant Staff, International Eye Institute, St Luke's Medical Center Global City

Barbara L Roque, MD, DPBO, FPAO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology, Philippine Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Philippine Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

C Stephen Foster, MD, FACS, FACR, FAAO, FARVO Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; Consulting Staff, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Founder and President, Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution

C Stephen Foster, MD, FACS, FACR, FAAO, FARVO is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Rheumatology, American College of Surgeons, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, American Uveitis Society, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Medical Society, Royal Society of Medicine, Sigma Xi

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Aldeyra Therapeutics (Lexington, MA); Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Inc (Rancho Cucamonga, CA); Eyegate Pharma (Waltham, MA); Novartis (Cambridge, MA); pSivida (Watertown, MA); Xoma (Berkeley, CA); Allakos (Redwood City, CA)<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Alcon (Geneva, Switzerland); Allergan (Dublin, Ireland); Mallinckrodt (Staines-upon-Thames, United Kingdom)<br/>Received research grant from: Alcon; Aldeyra Therapeutics; Allakos Pharmaceuticals; Allergan; Bausch & Lomb; Clearside Biomedical; Dompé pharmaceutical; Eyegate Pharma; Mallinckrodt pharmaceuticals; Novartis; pSivida; Santen; Aciont.

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD Clinical Professor of Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine

Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Hampton Roy, Sr, MD Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Hampton Roy, Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ryan I Huffman, MD, with the literature review and referencing for this article.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article