Overview
What is the pathophysiology of xanthelasma?
What is the epidemiology of xanthelasma in the US?
What is the mortality and morbidity associated with xanthelasma?
What is the sexual predilection of xanthelasma?
Which age groups have the highest prevalence of xanthelasma?
What is the prognosis of xanthelasma?
Where can patient education resources for xanthelasma be found?
Presentation
What are the signs and symptoms of xanthelasma?
Which physical findings are characteristic of xanthelasma?
DDX
Which conditions should be included in the differential diagnoses for xanthelasma?
What are the differential diagnoses for Xanthelasma?
Workup
What is the role of lab tests in the workup of xanthelasma?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of xanthelasma?
Treatment
How is xanthelasma treated medically?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of xanthelasma?
What is the role of surgical excision in the treatment of xanthelasma?
What is the role of carbon dioxide and argon laser ablation in the treatment of xanthelasma?
What is the role of chemical cauterization in the treatment of xanthelasma?
What is the role of electrodesiccation and cryotherapy in the treatment of xanthelasma?
What are complications of xanthelasma?
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Case presentation of excision of recurrent xanthelasma. Recurrent xanthelasma bilateral upper lids; previous excision combined with blepharoplasty; patient insistent on repeat excision and blepharoplasty; advised of lagophthalmos risk due to medial position and lack of medial dermatochalasis.
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Close-up view of recurrent xanthelasma right upper lid. Note the scar from previous excision by a plastic surgeon. Careful examination reveals subtle infiltration in the lateral aspect of scar.
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Xanthelasma. External view, 1 week after surgery. Sliding and rotational flaps from residual lateral dermatochalasis used for medial excisional gap.
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Xanthelasma. Top image, 4 weeks after surgery; lower image, before surgery.
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Xanthelesma of four eyelids in patient with hyperlipidemia.