Workup
Laboratory Studies
See the list below:
-
Neuroimaging is the most essential laboratory study in patients with enophthalmos.
-
The remainder of the studies are guided by suspected etiology.
Next:
Imaging Studies
See the list below:
-
CT scan of the orbits
- Coronal images are best to evaluate blow-out fractures and changes associated with the maxillary sinus.
- Axial images best demonstrate orbital fat atrophy.
- Rapid spin or spiral technology is useful for demonstrating varix during a Valsalva maneuver.
-
MRI with fat suppression, surface coils, and enhancement is best for characterizing neoplastic infiltrations.
-
Bone scans are infrequently helpful to identify areas of bone inflammation seen with osteomyelitis or inflammatory wasting disorders.
-
Old photographs can help to determine the rate of progression of the problem or an unrecognized congenital facial asymmetry.
Previous
Next:
Other Tests
See the list below:
-
Relate to the specific suspected disease process (For example, for suspected contralateral orbital tumor, systemic evaluation for a primary malignancy or metastatic disease should be performed.)
Previous
Next:
Procedures
See the list below:
-
Open biopsy may be indicated, but needle biopsy is rarely helpful in the diagnosis of enophthalmos.
Previous
Next:
Histologic Findings
See the list below:
-
The wide range of causes for enophthalmos provides a wide range of histopathologic findings.
Previous
Media Gallery
-
Eye and orbit.
-
Conventional frontal tomograph of a blow-out fracture.
of
2
