Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) Questions & Answers

Updated: Nov 23, 2022
  • Author: Robert H Graham, MD; Chief Editor: Andrew G Lee, MD  more...
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Questions & Answers

Overview

What is central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the pathophysiology of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in the US?

What is the mortality rate of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

Is central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) more common in men or women?

At what age does central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) typically present?

What is the prognosis of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What educational information should be provided to patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

Presentation

What is the most common presenting complaint of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the patient history associated with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

How is a physical exam performed in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What causes central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What are the potential complications of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

DDX

What are the differential diagnoses for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)?

Workup

What are the approach considerations in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

Which lab studies are indicated in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of ultrasonography in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of MRI and CT studies in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of fluorescein angiography in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of fundus autofluorescence (FA) in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of spectral-domain OCT in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of electroretinography in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of optical coherent tomography angiography (OCTA) in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of systemic tests in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of ECG in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

When is Holter monitoring indicated in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

How is echocardiography used in the workup of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

Treatment

What are the approach considerations in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the standard treatment for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

How is ocular massage used to treat central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of anterior chamber paracentesis in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

How is intraocular pressure lowered in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

How is a laser embolectomy used in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

How is pars plana vitrectomy used to treat central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

What is the role of intra-arterial fibrinolysis in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

How is hyperbaric oxygen therapy used to treat central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

When is inpatient care indicated in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

When is transfer indicated in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

How is central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) prevented?

What follow-up care is indicated in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

Medications

Which medications are used to treat central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

Which medications in the drug class Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are used in the treatment of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)?

Which medications in the drug class Sympathomimetics are used in the treatment of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)?

Which medications in the drug class Hyperosmotic diuretics are used in the treatment of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)?

Which medications in the drug class Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used in the treatment of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)?