Gass JD. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968 Aug. 80(2):177-85. [Medline].
Heiferman MJ, Rahmani S, Jampol LM, Nesper PL, Skondra D, Kim LA, et al. ACUTE POSTERIOR MULTIFOCAL PLACOID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY. Retina. 2017 Feb 1. [Medline].
Fiore T, Iaccheri B, Androudi S, Papadaki TG, Anzaar F, Brazitikos P, et al. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: outcome and visual prognosis. Retina. 2009 Jul-Aug. 29 (7):994-1001. [Medline].
Fiore T, Iaccheri B, Androudi S, Papadaki TG, Anzaar F, Brazitikos P, et al. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: outcome and visual prognosis. Retina. 2009 Jul-Aug. 29 (7):994-1001. [Medline].
Yang DS, Hilford DJ, Conrad D. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr. 33(2):219-21. [Medline].
Mendrinos E, Baglivo E. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following influenza vaccination. Eye (Lond). 2010 Jan. 24(1):180-1. [Medline].
Fine HF, Kim E, Flynn TE, Gomes NL, Chang S. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following varicella vaccination. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Mar. 94(3):282-3, 363. [Medline].
Baxter KR, Opremcak EM. Panretinal acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: a novel posterior uveitis syndrome with HLA-A3 and HLA-C7 association. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013 Feb 4. 3(1):29. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Yeh S, Forooghian F, Wong WT, Faia LJ, Cukras C, Lew JC, et al. Fundus autofluorescence imaging of the white dot syndromes. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Jan. 128(1):46-56. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Grkovic D, Oros A, Karadžic J, Bedov T, Gvozdenovic L, Jovanovic S. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy-retinal "white dot syndrome". Med Glas (Zenica). 2013 Feb. 10(1):194-6. [Medline].
Burke TR, Chu CJ, Salvatore S, Bailey C, Dick AD, Lee RWJ, et al. Application of OCT-angiography to characterise the evolution of chorioretinal lesions in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Eye (Lond). 2017 Oct. 31 (10):1399-1408. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Aoyagi R, Hayashi T, Gekka T, Kozaki K, Tsuneoka H. Multifocal electroretinographic evaluation of macular function in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Doc Ophthalmol. 2013 Jun. 126(3):253-8. [Medline].
Cheung CM, Yeo IY, Koh A. Photoreceptor changes in acute and resolved acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy documented by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 May. 128(5):644-6. [Medline].
Goldenberg D, Habot-Wilner Z, Loewenstein A, Goldstein M. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography classification of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Retina. 2012 Jul. 32 (7):1403-10. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Mrejen S, Gallego-Pinazo R, Wald KJ, Freund KB. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy as a choroidopathy: what we learned from adaptive optics imaging. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Oct. 131 (10):1363-4. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Michael A. Klufas, MD , Nopasak Phasukkijwatana, MD , Nicholas A. Iafe, BA , et al. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Reveals Choriocapillaris Flow Reduction in Placoid Chorioretinitis. Ophthalmology Retina. January–February 2017. Volume 1, Issue 1:77–91. [Full Text].
Hirooka K, Saito W, Saito M, Hashimoto Y, Mori S, Noda K, et al. Increased choroidal blood flow velocity with regression of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2016 May. 60 (3):172-8. [Medline].
Mrejen S, Sarraf D, Chexal S, Wald K, Freund KB. Choroidal Involvement in Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016 Jan. 47 (1):20-6. [Medline].
de Vries JJ, den Dunnen WF, Timmerman EA, Kruithof IG, De Keyser J. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy with cerebral vasculitis: a multisystem granulomatous disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Jun. 124 (6):910-3. [Medline].
Mavrakanas N, Mendrinos E, Tabatabay C, Pournaras CJ. Intravitreal ranibizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010 Mar. 88 (2):e54-5. [Medline].
Bugnone AN, Hartker F, Shapiro M, Pineless HS, Velez G. Acute and chronic brain infarcts on MR imaging in a 20-year-old woman with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Jan. 27(1):67-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Di Crecchio L, Parodi MB, Saviano S, Ravalico G. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and ulcerative colitis: a possible association. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001 Jun. 79(3):319-21. [Medline].
Howe LJ, Woon H, Graham EM, Fitzke F, Bhandari A, Marshall J. Choroidal hypoperfusion in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. An indocyanine green angiography study. Ophthalmology. 1995 May. 102(5):790-8. [Medline].
Hsu CT, Harlan JB, Goldberg MF, Dunn JP. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with a systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Retina. 2003 Feb. 23(1):64-8. [Medline].
Lim LL, Watzke RC, Lauer AK, Smith JR. Ocular coherence tomography in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2006 Nov. 34(8):810-2. [Medline].
Lofoco G, Ciucci F, Bardocci A, Quercioli P, Steigerwalt RD Jr, De Gaetano C. Optical coherence tomography findings in a case of acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy (AMPPPE). Eur J Ophthalmol. 2005 Jan-Feb. 15(1):143-7. [Medline].
Lowder CY, Foster RE, Gordon SM, Gutman FA. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after acute group A streptococcal infection. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Jul. 122(1):115-7. [Medline].
Mensah E, Vafidis GC. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in a 7-year-old girl. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2002 Jul-Aug. 39(4):239-41. [Medline].
O'Halloran HS, Berger JR, Lee WB, Robertson DM, Giovannini JA, Krohel GB, et al. Acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and central nervous system involvement: nine new cases and a review of the literature. Ophthalmology. 2001 May. 108(5):861-8. [Medline].
Parmeggiani F, Costagliola C, D'Angelo S, Incorvaia C, Perri P, Sebastiani A. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma associated with bilateral atypical acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Oncology. 2004. 66(6):502-9. [Medline].
Ryan SJ, Maumenee AE. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972 Dec. 74(6):1066-74. [Medline].
Scheufele TA, Witkin AJ, Schocket LS, Rogers AH, Schuman JS, Ko TH, et al. Photoreceptor atrophy in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy demonstrated by optical coherence tomography. Retina. 2005 Dec. 25(8):1109-12. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Smith CH, Savino PJ, Beck RW, Schatz NJ, Sergott RC. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and cerebral vasculitis. Arch Neurol. 1983 Jan. 40(1):48-50. [Medline].
Thomson SP, Roxburgh ST. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with adenovirus infection. Eye. 2003 May. 17(4):542-4. [Medline].
Uthman I, Najjar DM, Kanj SS, Bashshur Z. Anticardiolipin antibodies in acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Jul. 62(7):687-8. [Medline].
Wolf MD, Folk JC, Panknen CA, Goeken NE. HLA-B7 and HLA-DR2 antigens and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990 May. 108(5):698-700. [Medline].
El-Markaby HS, Mohammed TH, El-Raggal TM. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: role of TNF blocker in severe cases. Retina. 2012 Nov-Dec. 32 (10):2102-7. [Medline].
Gendy MG, Fawzi AA, Wendel RT, Pieramici DJ, Miller JA, Jampol LM. Multimodal imaging in persistent placoid maculopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Jan. 132 (1):38-49. [Medline].