Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis Differential Diagnoses

1. de Souza EC, Abujamra S, Nakashima Y, Gass JD. Diffuse bilateral subacute neuroretinitis: first patient with documented nematodes in both eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Oct. 117(10):1349-51. [Medline].

2. Kiu KH, Hanizasurana H, Zunaina E. Neuroretinitis with dual infections. Int Med Case Rep J. 2015. 8:255-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].

3. Liu G, Fennelly G, Kazacos KR, Grose C, Dobroszycki J, Saffra N, et al. Baylisascaris procyonis and Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Coinfection Presenting as Ocular Larva Migrans with Granuloma Formation in a Child. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Sep. 93 (3):612-4. [Medline]. [Full Text].

4. Gass JD, Scelfo R. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. J R Soc Med. 1978 Feb. 71(2):95-111. [Medline].

5. Gass JDM. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Stereoscopic Atlas of Macular Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. 4th ed. 1997. 622-628.

6. Slakter JS, Ciardella AP. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Retina Vitreous Macula. 1998. 806-812.

7. Harto MA, Rodriguez-Salvador V, Aviñó JA, Duch-Samper AM, Menezo JL. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in Europe. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1999 Jan-Mar. 9(1):58-62. [Medline].

8. Cialdini AP, de Souza EC, Avila MP. The first South American case of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis caused by a large nematode. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Oct. 117(10):1431-2. [Medline].

9. Cai J, Wei R, Zhu L, Cao M, Yu S. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in China. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000 May. 118(5):721-2. [Medline].

10. Myint K, Sahay R, Mon S, Saravanan VR, Narendran V, Dhillon B. The Indian case of live worm in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Eye. 2006 May. 20(5):612-3. [Medline].

11. Kang HM, Lee CS. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in a healthy Korean male: the first case report in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2015 Mar. 30 (3):346-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].

12. Arevalo JF, Arevalo FA, Garcia RA, de Amorim Garcia Filho CA, de Amorim Garcia CA. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013 Jul 1. 50(4):204-12. [Medline].

13. de Amorim Garcia Filho CA, Gomes AH, de A Garcia Soares AC, de Amorim Garcia CA. Clinical features of 121 patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012 Apr. 153(4):743-9. [Medline].

14. Bradbury RS, Hii SF, Harrington H, Speare R, Traub R. Ancylostoma ceylanicum Hookworm in the Solomon Islands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Feb. 23 (2):252-257. [Medline]. [Full Text].

15. Oliveira-Arbex AP, David EB, Oliveira-Sequeira TC, Katagiri S, Coradi ST, Guimarães S. Molecular identification of Ancylostoma species from dogs and an assessment of zoonotic risk in low-income households, São Paulo State, Brazil. J Helminthol. 2017 Jan. 91 (1):14-19. [Medline].

16. Mets MB, Noble AG, Basti S, Gavin P, Davis AT, Shulman ST, et al. Eye findings of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis and multiple choroidal infiltrates associated with neural larva migrans due to Bbaylisascaris procyonis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Jun. 135(6):888-90. [Medline].

17. Fan W, Uji A, Borrelli E, Singer M, Sagong M, van Hemert J, et al. Precise Measurement of Retinal Vascular Bed Area and Density on Ultra-wide Fluorescein Angiography in Normal Subjects. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018 Apr. 188:155-163. [Medline].

18. Moraes LR, Cialdini AP, Avila MP, Elsner AE. Identifying live nematodes in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis by using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb. 120(2):135-8. [Medline].

19. Tarantola RM, Elkins KA, Kay CN, Folk JC. Photoreceptor recovery following laser photocoagulation and albendazole in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 May. 129 (5):669-71. [Medline]. [Full Text].

20. Vezzola D, Kisma N, Robson AG, Holder GE, Pavesio C. Structural and functional retinal changes in eyes with DUSN. Retina. 2014 Aug. 34 (8):1675-82. [Medline]. [Full Text].

21. Berbel RF, Casella AM, de Souza EC, Farah ME. Evaluation of patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014. 8:1081-7. [Medline]. [Full Text].

22. Martidis A, Greenberg PB, Rogers AH, Velázquez-Estades LJ, Baumal CR. Multifocal electroretinography response after laser photocoagulation of a subretinal nematode. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Mar. 133(3):417-9. [Medline].

23. Garcia CA, Gomes AH, Garcia Filho CA, Vianna RN. Early-stage diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis: improvement of vision after photocoagulation of the worm. Eye. 2004 Jun. 18(6):624-7. [Medline].

24. Relhan N, Pathengay A, Raval V, Nayak S, Choudhury H, Flynn HW Jr. Clinical experience in treatment of diffuse unilateral subretinal neuroretinitis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2015. 9:1799-805. [Medline]. [Full Text].

25. Myint K, Sahay R, Mon S, Saravanan VR, Narendran V, Dhillon B. "Worm in the eye": the rationale for treatment of DUSN in south India. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Sep. 90(9):1125-7. [Medline]. [Full Text].

26. de Souza EC, Nakashima Y. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Report of transvitreal surgical removal of a subretinal nematode. Ophthalmology. 1995 Aug. 102(8):1183-6. [Medline].

27. Meyer-Riemann W, Petersen J, Vogel M. [An attempt to extract an intraretinal nematode located in the papillomacular bundle]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1999 Feb. 214(2):116-9. [Medline].

28. Gass JD, Callanan DG, Bowman CB. Oral therapy in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992 May. 110(5):675-80. [Medline].

29. Souza EC, Casella AM, Nakashima Y, Monteiro ML. Clinical features and outcomes of patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis treated with oral albendazole. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep. 140(3):437-445. [Medline].

Lakshmana M Kooragayala, MD Vitreo-retinal Surgeon, Marietta Eye Clinic

Lakshmana M Kooragayala, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Retina Specialists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

R Christopher Walton, MD Adjunct Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

R Christopher Walton, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Uveitis Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Andrew G Lee, MD Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital; Clinical Professor, Associate Program Director, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine; Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Professor of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Clinical Associate Professor, University of Buffalo, State University of New York School of Medicine

Andrew G Lee, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Geriatrics Society, Houston Neurological Society, Houston Ophthalmological Society, International Council of Ophthalmology, North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, Texas Ophthalmological Association

Disclosure: Received ownership interest from Credential Protection for other.

Andrew A Dahl, MD, FACS Assistant Professor of Surgery (Ophthalmology), New York College of Medicine (NYCOM); Director of Residency Ophthalmology Training, The Institute for Family Health and Mid-Hudson Family Practice Residency Program; Staff Ophthalmologist, Telluride Medical Center

Andrew A Dahl, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, American Intraocular Lens Society, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Medical Society of the State of New York, New York State Ophthalmological Society, Outpatient Ophthalmic Surgery Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous coauthor, James P Ganley, MD, PharmD, DrPH, to the development and writing of this article.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article