Plantar Heel Pain Questions & Answers

1. Neufeld SK, Cerrato R. Plantar fasciitis: evaluation and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008 Jun. 16 (6):338-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Alshami AM, Souvlis T, Coppieters MW. A review of plantar heel pain of neural origin: differential diagnosis and management. Man Ther. 2008 May. 13 (2):103-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Aldridge T. Diagnosing heel pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jul 15. 70 (2):332-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Ogden JA, Alvarez RG, Levitt RL, Johnson JE, Marlow ME. Electrohydraulic high-energy shock-wave treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Oct. 86-A (10):2216-28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Riddle DL, Pulisic M, Sparrow K. Impact of demographic and impairment-related variables on disability associated with plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int. 2004 May. 25 (5):311-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Crawford F, Thomson C. Interventions for treating plantar heel pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003. CD000416. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Tisdel CL, Donley BG, Sferra JJ. Diagnosing and treating plantar fasciitis: a conservative approach to plantar heel pain. Cleve Clin J Med. 1999 Apr. 66 (4):231-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Gudeman SD, Eisele SA, Heidt RS Jr, Colosimo AJ, Stroupe AL. Treatment of plantar fasciitis by iontophoresis of 0.4% dexamethasone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Sports Med. 1997 May-Jun. 25 (3):312-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Singh D, Angel J, Bentley G, Trevino SG. Fortnightly review. Plantar fasciitis. BMJ. 1997 Jul 19. 315 (7101):172-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

10. [Guideline] Martin RL, Davenport TE, Reischl SF, McPoil TG, Matheson JW, Wukich DK, et al. Heel pain-plantar fasciitis: revision 2014. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Nov. 44 (11):A1-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

11. Campanelli V, Fantini M, Faccioli N, Cangemi A, Pozzo A, Sbarbati A. Three-dimensional morphology of heel fat pad: an in vivo computed tomography study. J Anat. 2011 Nov. 219 (5):622-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Landorf KB, Menz HB. Plantar heel pain and fasciitis. BMJ Clin Evid. 2008 Feb 5. 2008:[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Owens BD, Wolf JM, Seelig AD, Jacobson IG, Boyko EJ, Smith B, et al. Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Tendinopathies in Military Personnel. Orthop J Sports Med. 2013 Jan-Jun. 1 (1):2325967113492707. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

14. Klein SE, Dale AM, Hayes MH, Johnson JE, McCormick JJ, Racette BA. Clinical presentation and self-reported patterns of pain and function in patients with plantar heel pain. Foot Ankle Int. 2012 Sep. 33 (9):693-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Scher DL, Belmont PJ Jr, Bear R, Mountcastle SB, Orr JD, Owens BD. The incidence of plantar fasciitis in the United States military. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Dec. 91 (12):2867-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Bolgla LA, Malone TR. Plantar fasciitis and the windlass mechanism: a biomechanical link to clinical practice. J Athl Train. 2004 Jan. 39 (1):77-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Cheng HY, Lin CL, Wang HW, Chou SW. Finite element analysis of plantar fascia under stretch-the relative contribution of windlass mechanism and Achilles tendon force. J Biomech. 2008. 41 (9):1937-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Singh D. Nils Silfverskiöld (1888-1957) and gastrocnemius contracture. Foot Ankle Surg. 2013 Jun. 19 (2):135-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Patel A, DiGiovanni B. Association between plantar fasciitis and isolated contracture of the gastrocnemius. Foot Ankle Int. 2011 Jan. 32 (1):5-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Prokuski LJ, Saltzman CL. Challenging fractures of the foot and ankle. Radiol Clin North Am. 1997 May. 35 (3):655-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Yao K, Yang TX, Yew WP. Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction: Overview of Evaluation and Management. Orthopedics. 2015 Jun. 38 (6):385-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

22. Nazarenko A, Beltran LS, Bencardino JT. Imaging evaluation of traumatic ligamentous injuries of the ankle and foot. Radiol Clin North Am. 2013 May. 51 (3):455-78. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Prichasuk S, Subhadrabandhu T. The relationship of pes planus and calcaneal spur to plantar heel pain. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994 Sep. 192-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. McMillan AM, Landorf KB, Barrett JT, Menz HB, Bird AR. Diagnostic imaging for chronic plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2009 Nov 13. 2:32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Johal KS, Milner SA. Plantar fasciitis and the calcaneal spur: Fact or fiction?. Foot Ankle Surg. 2012 Mar. 18 (1):39-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Sorrentino F, Iovane A, Vetro A, Vaccari A, Mantia R, Midiri M. Role of high-resolution ultrasound in guiding treatment of idiopathic plantar fasciitis with minimally invasive techniques. Radiol Med. 2008 Jun. 113 (4):486-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Berkowitz JF, Kier R, Rudicel S. Plantar fasciitis: MR imaging. Radiology. 1991 Jun. 179 (3):665-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Ko PH, Hsiao TY, Kang JH, Wang TG, Shau YW, Wang CL. Relationship between plantar pressure and soft tissue strain under metatarsal heads with different heel heights. Foot Ankle Int. 2009 Nov. 30 (11):1111-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Goyal M, Kumar A, Mahajan N, Moitra M. Treatment of plantar fasciitis by taping vs. iontophoresis: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy. 2013. 9 (1):34-9. [Full Text].

30. Gross MT, Byers JM, Krafft JL, Lackey EJ, Melton KM. The impact of custom semirigid foot orthotics on pain and disability for individuals with plantar fasciitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2002 Apr. 32 (4):149-57. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Seligman DA, Dawson DR. Customized heel pads and soft orthotics to treat heel pain and plantar fasciitis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 Oct. 84 (10):1564-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Gudeman SD, Eisele SA, Heidt RS Jr, Colosimo AJ, Stroupe AL. Treatment of plantar fasciitis by iontophoresis of 0.4% dexamethasone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Sports Med. 1997 May-Jun. 25 (3):312-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Ryan M, Fraser S, McDonald K, Taunton J. Examining the degree of pain reduction using a multielement exercise model with a conventional training shoe versus an ultraflexible training shoe for treating plantar fasciitis. Phys Sportsmed. 2009 Dec. 37 (4):68-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. DiGiovanni BF, Nawoczenski DA, Lintal ME, Moore EA, Murray JC, Wilding GE, et al. Tissue-specific plantar fascia-stretching exercise enhances outcomes in patients with chronic heel pain. A prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Jul. 85-A (7):1270-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Rompe JD, Cacchio A, Weil L Jr, Furia JP, Haist J, Reiners V, et al. Plantar fascia-specific stretching versus radial shock-wave therapy as initial treatment of plantar fasciopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Nov 3. 92 (15):2514-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Berlet GC, Anderson RB, Davis H, Kiebzak GM. A prospective trial of night splinting in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis: the Ankle Dorsiflexion Dynasplint. Orthopedics. 2002 Nov. 25 (11):1273-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Attard J, Singh D. A comparison of two night ankle-foot orthoses used in the treatment of inferior heel pain: a preliminary investigation. Foot Ankle Surg. 2012 Jun. 18 (2):108-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Tisdel CL, Harper MC. Chronic plantar heel pain: treatment with a short leg walking cast. Foot Ankle Int. 1996 Jan. 17 (1):41-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Yucel I, Ozturan KE, Demiraran Y, Degirmenci E, Kaynak G. Comparison of high-dose extracorporeal shockwave therapy and intralesional corticosteroid injection in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2010 Mar-Apr. 100 (2):105-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Rompe JD, Decking J, Schoellner C, Nafe B. Shock wave application for chronic plantar fasciitis in running athletes. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2003 Mar-Apr. 31 (2):268-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Rompe JD, Schoellner C, Nafe B. Evaluation of low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave application for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Mar. 84-A (3):335-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Othman AM, Ragab EM. Endoscopic plantar fasciotomy versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010 Nov. 130 (11):1343-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

43. Monto RR. Platelet-rich plasma and plantar fasciitis. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2013 Dec. 21 (4):220-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Ragab EM, Othman AM. Platelets rich plasma for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012 Aug. 132 (8):1065-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Erken HY, Ayanoglu S, Akmaz I, Erler K, Kiral A. Prospective study of percutaneous radiofrequency nerve ablation for chronic plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int. 2014 Feb. 35 (2):95-103. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Jastifer JR, Catena F, Doty JF, Stevens F, Coughlin MJ. Low-Level Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Prospective Study. Foot Ankle Int. 2014 Jun. 35 (6):566-571. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Cazzell S, Stewart J, Agnew PS, Senatore J, Walters J, Murdoch D, et al. Randomized Controlled Trial of Micronized Dehydrated Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane (dHACM) Injection Compared to Placebo for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int. 2018 Oct. 39 (10):1151-1161. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Schneider HP, Baca JM, Carpenter BB, Dayton PD, Fleischer AE, Sachs BD. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Clinical Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Acquired Infracalcaneal Heel Pain. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2018 Mar - Apr. 57 (2):370-381. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Acevedo JI, Beskin JL. Complications of plantar fascia rupture associated with corticosteroid injection. Foot Ankle Int. 1998 Feb. 19 (2):91-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Sellman JR. Plantar fascia rupture associated with corticosteroid injection. Foot Ankle Int. 1994 Jul. 15 (7):376-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Ahstrom JP Jr. Spontaneous rupture of the plantar fascia. Am J Sports Med. 1988 May-Jun. 16 (3):306-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Hogan KA, Webb D, Shereff M. Endoscopic plantar fascia release. Foot Ankle Int. 2004 Dec. 25 (12):875-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Jerosch J, Schunck J, Liebsch D, Filler T. Indication, surgical technique and results of endoscopic fascial release in plantar fasciitis (E FRPF). Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2004 Sep. 12 (5):471-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Othman AM, Ragab EM. Endoscopic plantar fasciotomy versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010 Nov. 130 (11):1343-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

Vinod K Panchbhavi, MD, FACS, FAOA, FABOS, FAAOS Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Chief, Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Director, Foot and Ankle Fellowship Program, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine

Vinod K Panchbhavi, MD, FACS, FAOA, FABOS, FAAOS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Orthopaedic Trauma Association, Texas Orthopaedic Association

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Styker.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Thomas M DeBerardino, MD Orthopedic Surgeon, UT Health San Antonnio; Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Joe R and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine; Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Faculty of Sports Medicine Fellowship, Baylor College of Medicine; Consulting Surgeon, Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy and Reconstruction of the Knee, Hip and Shoulder

Thomas M DeBerardino, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy Association of North America, Herodicus Society, International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Arthrex, Inc.; MTF; Aesculap; Conmed; JRF<br/>Received research grant from: Arthrex, Inc.; MTF.

Heidi M Stephens, MD, MBA Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine; Courtesy Joint Associate Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of South Florida College of Public Health

Heidi M Stephens, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Florida Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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