Haverstock J, Athwal GS, Grewal R. Distal Biceps Injuries. Hand Clin. 2015 Nov. 31 (4):631-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hsu D, Anand P, Mabrouk A, Chang KV. Biceps Tendon Rupture. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls; 2022. [Full Text].
Mazzocca AD, Spang JT, Arciero RA. Distal biceps rupture. Orthop Clin North Am. 2008 Apr. 39 (2):237-49, vii. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hamer MJ, Caputo AE. Operative treatment of chronic distal biceps tendon ruptures. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2008 Sep. 16 (3):143-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chavan PR, Duquin TR, Bisson LJ. Repair of the ruptured distal biceps tendon: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2008 Aug. 36 (8):1618-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
D'Arco P, Sitler M, Kelly J, Moyer R, Marchetto P, Kimura I, et al. Clinical, functional, and radiographic assessments of the conventional and modified Boyd-Anderson surgical procedures for repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures. Am J Sports Med. 1998 Mar-Apr. 26 (2):254-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Churgay CA. Diagnosis and treatment of biceps tendinitis and tendinosis. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Sep 1. 80 (5):470-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
D'Alessandro DF, Shields CL Jr, Tibone JE, Chandler RW. Repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1993 Jan-Feb. 21 (1):114-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gaskin CM, Anderson MW, Choudhri A, Diduch DR. Focal partial tears of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon at the entrance to the bicipital groove: MR imaging findings, surgical correlation, and clinical significance. Skeletal Radiol. 2009 Oct. 38 (10):959-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tangari M, Carbone S, Gallo M, Campi A. Long head of the biceps tendon rupture in professional wrestlers: treatment with a mini-open tenodesis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011 Apr. 20 (3):409-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Boyd HB, Anderson LD. A method for reinsertion of the distal biceps brachii tendon. J Bone Joint Surg. 1961. 43:1041-3.
Tjoumakaris FP, Bradley JP. Distal Biceps Injuries. Clin Sports Med. 2020 Jul. 39 (3):661-672. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Schneider A, Bennett JM, O'Connor DP, Mehlhoff T, Bennett JB. Bilateral ruptures of the distal biceps brachii tendon. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009 Sep-Oct. 18 (5):804-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Morrey BF, Askew LJ, An KN, Dobyns JH. Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii. A biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985 Mar. 67 (3):418-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sutton KM, Dodds SD, Ahmad CS, Sethi PM. Surgical treatment of distal biceps rupture. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010 Mar. 18 (3):139-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Athwal GS. Elbow tendinopathies: acute distal biceps tendon ruptures. Morrey BF, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Morrey ME, eds. Morrey's The Elbow and Its Disorders. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018. 602-14.
Mazzocca AD, Burton KJ, Romeo AA, Santangelo S, Adams DA, Arciero RA. Biomechanical evaluation of 4 techniques of distal biceps brachii tendon repair. Am J Sports Med. 2007 Feb. 35 (2):252-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fenton P, Qureshi F, Ali A, Potter D. Distal biceps tendon rupture: a new repair technique in 14 patients using the biotenodesis screw. Am J Sports Med. 2009 Oct. 37 (10):2009-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Citak M, Backhaus M, Seybold D, Suero EM, Schildhauer TA, Roetman B. Surgical repair of the distal biceps brachii tendon: a comparative study of three surgical fixation techniques. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011 Nov. 19 (11):1936-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Peeters T, Ching-Soon NG, Jansen N, Sneyers C, Declercq G, Verstreken F. Functional outcome after repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures using the endobutton technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009 Mar-Apr. 18 (2):283-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Snir N, Hamula M, Wolfson T, Meislin R, Strauss EJ, Jazrawi LM. Clinical outcomes after chronic distal biceps reconstruction with allografts. Am J Sports Med. 2013 Oct. 41 (10):2288-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Freeman CR, McCormick KR, Mahoney D, Baratz M, Lubahn JD. Nonoperative treatment of distal biceps tendon ruptures compared with a historical control group. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Oct. 91 (10):2329-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Nesterenko S, Domire ZJ, Morrey BF, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Elbow strength and endurance in patients with a ruptured distal biceps tendon. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010 Mar. 19 (2):184-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cil A, Merten S, Steinmann SP. Immediate active range of motion after modified 2-incision repair in acute distal biceps tendon rupture. Am J Sports Med. 2009 Jan. 37 (1):130-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chen HS, Lin SH, Hsu YH, Chen SC, Kang JH. A comparison of physical examinations with musculoskeletal ultrasound in the diagnosis of biceps long head tendinitis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2011 Sep. 37 (9):1392-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fitzpatrick D, Menashe L. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of the Distal Biceps Tendon. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2018 May. 47 (5):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Rosenthal J, Nguyen ML, Karas S, Gottschalk M, Daly C, Wagner E, et al. A comprehensive review of the normal, abnormal, and post-operative MRI appearance of the proximal biceps brachii. Skeletal Radiol. 2020 Sep. 49 (9):1333-1344. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Nguyen ML, Rosenthal J, Karas S, Gottschalk M, Daly C, Wagner E, et al. A comprehensive review of the normal, abnormal, and post-operative MRI appearance of the distal biceps brachii. Skeletal Radiol. 2020 Nov. 49 (11):1695-1707. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Deschrijver M, Hautekiet A, Steyaert A, De Muynck M, Luypaert E. Distal biceps tendon ruptures: more efficient diagnostics for a better outcome. Acta Orthop Belg. 2022 Mar. 88 (1):160-167. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
de la Fuente J, Blasi M, Martínez S, Barceló P, Cachán C, Miguel M, et al. Ultrasound classification of traumatic distal biceps brachii tendon injuries. Skeletal Radiol. 2018 Apr. 47 (4):519-532. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Looney AM, Day J, Bodendorfer BM, Wang D, Fryar CM, Murphy JP, et al. Operative vs. nonoperative treatment of distal biceps ruptures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022 Apr. 31 (4):e169-e189. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bajwa A, Simon MJK, Leith JM, Moola FO, Goetz TJ, Lodhia P. Surgical Results of Chronic Distal Biceps Ruptures: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Jan. 10 (1):23259671211065772. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Bauer TM, Wong JC, Lazarus MD. Is nonoperative management of partial distal biceps tears really successful?. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018 Apr. 27 (4):720-725. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hamoodi Z, Winton J, Bhalaik V. Partial tear of the distal biceps tendon: Current concepts. J Orthop. 2022 Jul-Aug. 32:18-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Boonrod A, Harasymczuk M, Ramazanian T, Boonrod A, Smith J, O'Driscoll SW. The Turtle Neck Sign: Identification of Severe Retracted Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Jan. 10 (1):23259671211065030. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Checo FJ, Rodner CM. Bone tunnel and suture anchor fixation of distal biceps tendon ruptures. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2008 Sep. 16 (3):124-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Papp DF, Skelley NW, Sutter EG, Ji JH, Wierks CH, Belkoff SM, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of open suture anchor fixation versus interference screw for biceps tenodesis. Orthopedics. 2011 Jul 7. 34 (7):e275-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cohen MS. Complications of distal biceps tendon repairs. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2008 Sep. 16 (3):148-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Grewal R, Athwal GS, MacDermid JC, Faber KJ, Drosdowech DS, El-Hawary R, et al. Single versus double-incision technique for the repair of acute distal biceps tendon ruptures: a randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Jul 3. 94 (13):1166-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Nigro PT, Cain R, Mighell MA. Prognosis for recovery of posterior interosseous nerve palsy after distal biceps repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013 Jan. 22 (1):70-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lintner S, Fischer T. Repair of the distal biceps tendon using suture anchors and an anterior approach. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Jan. 116-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
de Mattos CA, Maia D, Castro R, Etchebehere M. Reinsertion of Distal Brachial Biceps Tendon Rupture through Single Incision Using Anchors. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2020 Apr. 55 (2):191-197. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Bain GI, Prem H, Heptinstall RJ, Verhellen R, Paix D. Repair of distal biceps tendon rupture: a new technique using the Endobutton. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000 Mar-Apr. 9 (2):120-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lo EY, Li CS, Van den Bogaerde JM. The effect of drill trajectory on proximity to the posterior interosseous nerve during cortical button distal biceps repair. Arthroscopy. 2011 Aug. 27 (8):1048-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Micheloni GM, Tarallo L, Porcellini G, Novi M, Catani F. Reinsertion of distal biceps ruptures with a single anterior approach: analysis of 14 cases using tension-slide technique and interference screw. Acta Biomed. 2020 May 30. 91 (4-S):183-188. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Caputo AE, Cusano A, Stannard J, Hamer MJ. Distal biceps repair using the lacertus fibrosus as a local graft. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016 Jul. 25 (7):1189-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Khalil LS, Keller RA, Mehran N, Marshall NE, Okoroha K, Frisch NB, et al. The utility of botulinum toxin A in the repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures. Musculoskelet Surg. 2018 Aug. 102 (2):159-163. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Garon MT, Greenberg JA. Complications of Distal Biceps Repair. Orthop Clin North Am. 2016 Apr. 47 (2):435-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hasan SA, Cordell CL, Rauls RB, Bailey MS, Sahu D, Suva LJ. Two-incision versus one-incision repair for distal biceps tendon rupture: a cadaveric study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012 Jul. 21 (7):935-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Schmidt CC, Diaz VA, Weir DM, Latona CR, Miller MC. Repaired distal biceps magnetic resonance imaging anatomy compared with outcome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012 Dec. 21 (12):1623-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Potapov A, Laflamme YG, Gagnon S, Canet F, Rouleau DM. Progressive osteolysis of the radius after distal biceps tendon repair with the bioabsorbable screw. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011 Jul. 20 (5):819-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Banerjee M, Shafizadeh S, Bouillon B, Tjardes T, Wafaisade A, Balke M. High complication rate following distal biceps refixation with cortical button. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013 Oct. 133 (10):1361-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].