Author
Christian N Kirman, MD Clinical Instructor, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine
Christian N Kirman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
Gaurav Bharti, MD, FACS Plastic Surgeon, H/K/B Plastic Surgery and MedSpa
Gaurav Bharti, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Phi Kappa Phi, Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Allergan; Inmode; Biom'up.
Joseph A Molnar, MD, PhD, FACS Medical Director, Wound Care Center, Associate Director of Burn Unit, Professor, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Joseph A Molnar, MD, PhD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, North Carolina Medical Society, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Peripheral Nerve Society, Wound Healing Society, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Received grant/research funds from Clinical Cell Culture for co-investigator; Received honoraria from Integra Life Sciences for speaking and teaching; Received honoraria from Healogics for board membership; Received honoraria from Anika Therapeutics for consulting; Received honoraria from Food Matters for consulting.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Alan Matarasso, MD, FACS, PC Clinical Professor of Plastic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Immedediate Past President, New York Regional Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Alan Matarasso, MD, FACS, PC is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, International College of Surgeons US Section, New York Academy of Medicine, New York County Medical Society, Pan-American Medical Association of Central Florida, Pan-Pacific Surgical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
Zubin J Panthaki, MD, CM, FACS, FRCSC Professor of Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Associate Professor Clinical Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine; Chief of Hand Surgery, University of Miami Hospital; Chief of Hand Surgery, Chief of Plastic Surgery, Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital
Zubin J Panthaki, MD, CM, FACS, FRCSC is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons, Miami Society of Plastic Surgeons, Medical Council of Canada, Canadian Military Engineers Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
Gregory Gary Caputy, MD, PhD, FICS Wound Healing Consultant, Advantage Surgical and Wound Care
Gregory Gary Caputy, MD, PhD, FICS is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, International College of Surgeons, International College of Surgeons US Section, Wound Healing Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors Noah S Scheinfeld, MD, JD, FAAD, and Marc S Zimbler, MD, FACS, to the development and writing of this article.
