Expander-Implant Breast Reconstruction Questions & Answers

1. Ramon Y, Ullmann Y, Moscona R. Aesthetic results and patient satisfaction with immediate breast reconstruction using tissue expansion: a follow-up study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Mar. 99(3):686-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Gui GP, Kadayaprath G, Tan SM, Faliakou EC, Choy C, Ward A, et al. Long-term quality-of-life assessment following one-stage immediate breast reconstruction using biodimensional expander implants: the patient's perspective. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Jan. 121(1):17-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Regan JP, Schaffner AD. Breast Reconstruction Expander Implant. StatPearls. 2021 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

4. Bostwick J 3rd, Vasconez LO, Jurkiewicz MJ. Breast reconstruction after a radical mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978 May. 61(5):682-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Radovan C. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy using the temporary expander. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982 Feb. 69(2):195-208. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Silicone Breast Implants. www.plasticsurgery.org. Available at http://www.plasticsurgery.org/media/Press_Kits/Silicone-Breast-Implants.cfm. Accessed: 6/23/08.

7. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA approves silicone gel-filled breast implants after in-depth evaluation. FDA Web site. Available at http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2006/NEW01512.html. Accessed: October 5, 2009.

8. Spear SL, Murphy DK, Slicton A, Walker PS. Inamed silicone breast implant core study results at 6 years. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Dec. 120(7 Suppl 1):8S-16S; discussion 17S-18S. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Cunningham B. The Mentor Study on Contour Profile Gel Silicone MemoryGel Breast Implants. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Dec. 120(7 Suppl 1):33S-39S. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Murphy DK, Walker PS. The safety of silicone gel-filled breast implants: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Ann Plast Surg. 2007 Nov. 59(5):569-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. de la Torre JI, Fix RJ, Gardner PM, Vasconez LO. Reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi flap after skin-sparing mastectomy. Ann Plast Surg. 2001 Mar. 46(3):229-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Parikh PM, Spear SL, Menon N. 20: immediate breast reconstruction with tissue expanders and alloderm. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Sep 15. 118(4 Suppl):18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2020 National Plastic Surgery Statistics. Available at https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2020/plastic-surgery-statistics-report-2020.pdf. Accessed: August 2, 2021.

14. Seth AK, Silver HR, Hirsch EM, Kim JY, Fine NA. Comparison of Delayed and Immediate Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction in the Setting of Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy. Ann Plast Surg. 2015 Nov. 75 (5):503-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Paek LS, Giot JP, Tetreault-Paquin JO, St-Jacques S, Nelea M, Danino MA. The impact of postoperative expansion initiation timing on breast expander capsular characteristics: a prospective combined clinical and scanning electron microscopy study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Apr. 135 (4):967-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Ilonzo N, Tsang A, Tsantes S, Estabrook A, Thu Ma AM. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy: A ten-year analysis of trends and immediate postoperative outcomes. Breast. 2017 Apr. 32:7-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Momoh AO, Griffith KA, Hawley ST, et al. Post-Mastectomy Breast Reconstruction: Exploring Plastic Surgeon Practice Patterns and Perspectives. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Jan 7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Fix RJ, de la Torre JI, Vasconez LO. Breast reconstruction with implants. In: Cohen M, ed. The Unfavorable Result in Plastic Surgery: Avoidance and Treatment. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001.

19. Mioton LM, Jordan SW, Kim JY. A prospective analysis of dynamic loss of breast projection in tissue expander-implant reconstruction. Arch Plast Surg. 2015 May. 42 (3):309-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

20. al-Hakeem MS, Fix RJ, De Cordier BC, Vasconez LO. Breast reconstruction. Curr Probl Surg. 2000 Sep. 37(9):585-630. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Losken A, Carlson GW, Schoemann MB, et al. Factors that influence the completion of breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2004 Mar. 52(3):258-61; discussion 262. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Luce EA, Adams RL, Chandler RG, Parks J. Tissue Expander versus Tissue Expander and Latissimus Flap in Morbidly Obese Breast Reconstruction Patients. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015 Mar. 3 (3):e323. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

23. [Guideline] Alderman A, Gutowski K, Ahuja A, Gray D, Postmastectomy Expander Implant Breast Reconstruction Guideline Work Group. ASPS clinical practice guideline summary on breast reconstruction with expanders and implants. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Oct. 134 (4):648e-55e. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Pennisi VR. Making a definite inframammary fold under a reconstructed breast. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977 Oct. 60(4):523-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Spear SL, Parikh PM, Reisin E, Menon NG. Acellular dermis-assisted breast reconstruction. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008 May. 32(3):418-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Kim JY, Davila AA, Persing S, Connor CM, Jovanovic B, Khan SA, et al. A meta-analysis of human acellular dermis and submuscular tissue expander breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Jan. 129(1):28-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Lynch MP, Chung MT, Rinker BD. A Comparison of Dermal Autograft and Acellular Dermal Matrix in Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction: Long-term Aesthetic Outcomes and Capsular Contracture. Ann Plast Surg. 2015 Jun. 74 Suppl 4:S214-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Di Benedetto G, Aquinati A, Santoli M, Bertani A. Which is the best position for the remote injection dome using the adjustable expander/prosthesis in breast reconstruction? A comparative study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 May. 113(6):1629-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Slavin SA, Colen SR. Sixty consecutive breast reconstructions with the inflatable expander: a critical appraisal. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990 Nov. 86(5):910-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Min K, Jeon DN, Han HH, Kim EK, Eom JS. Inframammary Fold Approach for Second-stage Operation in Expander-Implant Breast Reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2020 Dec 15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. McCarthy CM, Pusic AL, Sclafani L, Buchanan C, Fey JV, Disa JJ, et al. Breast cancer recurrence following prosthetic, postmastectomy reconstruction: incidence, detection, and treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Feb. 121(2):381-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Cordeiro PG, Snell L, Heerdt A, McCarthy C. Immediate Tissue Expander/Implast Breast Reconstruction after Salvage Mastectomy for Cancer Recurrence following Lumpectomy/Irradiation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb. 129(2):341-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Fajardo LL, Roberts CC, Hunt KR. Mammographic surveillance of breast cancer patients: should the mastectomy site be imaged?. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993 Nov. 161(5):953-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Hou MF, Ou-Yang F, Chuang CH. Comparison between sonography and mammography for breast cancer diagnosis in oriental women after augmentation mammaplasty. Ann Plast Surg. 2002 Aug. 49(2):120-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Handel N. The effect of silicone implants on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Dec. 120(7 Suppl 1):81S-93S. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Cordeiro PG, Pusic AL, Disa JJ, et al. Irradiation after immediate tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction: outcomes, complications, aesthetic results, and satisfaction among 156 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 Mar. 113(3):877-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Disa JJ, McCarthy CM, Mehrara BJ, Pusic AL, Cordeiro PG. Immediate latissimus dorsi/prosthetic breast reconstruction following salvage mastectomy after failed lumpectomy/irradiation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Apr. 121(4):159e-64e. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Woo KJ, Paik JM, Mun GH, Pyon JK, Bang SI. Risk Factors for Complications in Immediate Expander-Implant Breast Reconstruction for Non-obese Patients: Impact of Breast Size on Complications. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2016 Feb. 40 (1):71-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Manahan MA, McNichols CH, Bello RJ, et al. A large-volume academic center retrospective audit of the temporal evolution of immediate breast reconstruction protocols and the effect on breast prosthetic infection. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018 Nov 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Chen TA, Momeni A, Lee GK. Clinical outcomes in breast cancer expander-implant reconstructive patients with radiation therapy. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2016 Jan. 69 (1):14-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Bennett KG, Qi J, Kim HM, Hamill JB, Pusic AL, Wilkins EG. Comparison of 2-Year Complication Rates Among Common Techniques for Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction. JAMA Surg. 2018 Jun 20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Riggio E, Toffoli E, Tartaglione C, Marano G, Biganzoli E. Local safety of immediate reconstruction during primary treatment of breast cancer. Direct-to-implant versus expander-based surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018 Nov 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Dicuonzo S, Leonardi MC, Radice D, et al. Long-Term Results and Reconstruction Failure in Patients Receiving Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy with a Temporary Expander or Permanent Implant in Place. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Feb. 145 (2):317-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Park JW, Kim S, Jeon BJ, Mun GH, Bang SI, Pyon JK. Effect of contralateral augmentation on postoperative complications after the second stage of tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction. Gland Surg. 2020 Oct. 9 (5):1182-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

45. Leibman AJ, Styblo TM, Bostwick J 3rd. Mammography of the postreconstruction breast. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Mar. 99(3):698-704. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Wickman M, Jurell G. Low capsular contraction rate after primary and secondary breast reconstruction with a textured expander prosthesis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Mar. 99(3):692-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Gamboa-Bobadilla GM. Implant breast reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix. Ann Plast Surg. 2006 Jan. 56(1):22-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Breuing KH, Colwell AS. Inferolateral AlloDerm hammock for implant coverage in breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2007 Sep. 59(3):250-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Hirsch EM, Seth AK, Dumanian GA, Kim JY, Mustoe TA, Galiano RD, et al. Outcomes of tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction in the setting of prereconstruction radiation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb. 129(2):354-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Ribuffo D, Monfrecola A, Guerra M, et al. Does postoperative radiation therapy represent a contraindication to expander-implant based immediate breast reconstruction? An update 2012-2014. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015 Jun. 19 (12):2202-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

51. Krueger EA, Wilkins EG, Strawderman M, Cederna P, Goldfarb S, Vicini FA, et al. Complications and patient satisfaction following expander/implant breast reconstruction with and without radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Mar 1. 49(3):713-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Ho AL, Bovill ES, Macadam SA, et al. Postmastectomy radiation therapy after immediate two-stage tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction: a University of British Columbia perspective. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Jul. 134(1):1e-10e. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Chen Y, Qin N, Wang ML, et al. An Evaluation of Native Breast Dimension and Tissue Expander Inflation Rate on the Risk of Capsular Contracture Development in Postmastectomy Reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2023 Mar 15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Nelson JA, McKernan CD, Rubenstein RN, et al. Risk of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) in Patients with Temporary Exposure to Textured Tissue Expanders: An Analysis of 3310 Patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023 Jan 13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS Professor of Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chief, Division of Plastic Surgery, Residency Program Director, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Director, Center for Advanced Surgical Aesthetics

Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, Association for Academic Surgery, Medical Association of the State of Alabama

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Luis O Vasconez, MD Professor of Surgery, Chief, Division of Plastic Surgery, Director, Plastic Surgery Residency Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine

Luis O Vasconez, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Head and Neck Society, American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Surgical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

James Neal Long, MD, FACS Founder of Magnolia Plastic Surgery; Former Associate Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital and Kirklin Clinics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Section Chief of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand, and Microsurgery, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center

James Neal Long, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society, Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, Southeastern Surgical Congress

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pankaj Tiwari, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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