Latissimus Flap Breast Reconstruction Questions & Answers

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18. Bostwick J 3rd, Vasconez LO, Jurkiewicz MJ. Breast reconstruction after a radical mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978 May. 61(5):682-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Nakajima H, Fujiwara I, Mizuta N, Sakaguchi K, Ohashi M, Nishiyama A, et al. Clinical outcomes of video-assisted skin-sparing partial mastectomy for breast cancer and immediate reconstruction with latissimus dorsi muscle flap as breast-conserving therapy. World J Surg. 2010 Sep. 34(9):2197-203. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Park TS, Nam SB, Choi JY, Bae SH, Lee JW, Kim HY. The efficacy of elongated axillary incision on extended latissimus dorsi flap for immediate breast reconstruction. Arch Plast Surg. 2018 Jul. 45 (4):340-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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25. Cohen BE, Cronin ED. Breast reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. Clin Plast Surg. 1984 Apr. 11(2):287-302. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Steffen CM, Day KM, Gilson AJ, Zoog E, Brzezienski MA. Vertical Inset of the Latissimus Dorsi Flap Improves Reconstruction Aesthetics by Reducing Scar Burden in the "Social Breast". Ann Plast Surg. 2018 Jun. 80 (6S Suppl 6):S365-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Kat CC, Darcy CM, O'Donoghue JM, Taylor AR, Regan PJ. The use of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for immediate correction of the deformity resulting from breast conservation surgery. Br J Plast Surg. 1999 Mar. 52(2):99-103. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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29. De Mey A, Lejour M, Declety A, Meythiaz AM. Late results and current indications of latissimus dorsi breast reconstructions. Br J Plast Surg. 1991 Jan. 44(1):1-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Bennett KG, Qi J, Kim HM, Hamill JB, Pusic AL, Wilkins EG. Comparison of 2-Year Complication Rates Among Common Techniques for Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction. JAMA Surg. 2018 Oct 1. 153 (10):901-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Lee KT, Kim J, Jeon BJ, et al. Association of the breast reconstruction modality with the development of postmastectomy lymphedema: A long-term follow-up study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2023 Feb 1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Leuzzi S, Stivala A, Shaff JB, et al. Latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction with or without implants: A comparison between outcome and patient satisfaction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018 Nov 28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Johns N, Fairbairn N, Trail M, et al. Autologous breast reconstruction using the immediately lipofilled extended latissimus dorsi flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018 Feb. 71 (2):201-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Palve J, Luukkaala T, Kaariainen M. Comparison of Different Techniques in Latissimus Dorsi Breast Reconstruction: Plain, Immediately Lipofilled, and Implant Enhanced. Ann Plast Surg. 2021 Mar 4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Kang CM, Shim JS, Park SH, Jeong YJ, Seol KH, Kwak SG. Volume Change of Muscle and Fat Portions of Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap after Breast Reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021 Apr. 9 (4):e3536. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

36. Kroll SS, Schusterman MA, Reece GP, et al. Breast reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps in previously irradiated patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994 Mar. 93(3):460-9; discussion 470-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Kroll SS, Baldwin B. A comparison of outcomes using three different methods of breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992. 90:455-462. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Roy MK, Shrotia S, Holcombe C, et al. Complications of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap breast reconstruction. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1998. 24:162-165. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Teisch LF, Gerth DJ, Tashiro J, et al. Latissimus dorsi flap versus pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous breast reconstruction: outcomes. J Surg Res. 2015 Apr 8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Koh E, Watson DI, Dean NR. Quality of life and shoulder function after latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction^☆. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018 Sep. 71 (9):1317-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Moore TS, Farrell LD. Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction: long-term results. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992 Apr. 89(4):666-72; discussion 673-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Delay E, Jorquera F, Lucas R. Sensitivity of breasts reconstructed with the autologous latissimus dorsi flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000. 106:302-309. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Atisha DM, Rushing CN, Samsa GP, et al. A national snapshot of satisfaction with breast cancer procedures. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015 Feb. 22(2):361-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Lofstrand J, Paganini A, Liden M, Hansson E. Donor-Site Satisfaction of DIEP and Latissimus Dorsi Flaps-A Comparative Cohort Study. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2022 Dec 30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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46. Rainsbury RM. Breast-sparing reconstruction with latissimus dorsi miniflaps. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2002 Dec. 28(8):891-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Nano MT, Gill PG, Kollias J, Bochner MA. Breast volume replacement using the latissimus dorsi miniflap. ANZ J Surg. 2004 Mar. 74(3):98-104. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Gendy RK, Able JA, Rainsbury RM. Impact of skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction and breast-sparing reconstruction with miniflaps on the outcomes of oncoplastic breast surgery. Br J Surg. 2003 Apr. 90(4):433-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Yano K, Hosokawa K, Takagi S, et al. Breast reconstruction using the sensate latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 May. 109(6):1897-902; discussion 1903. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

John Y S Kim, MD, FACS Professor, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Northwestern Medicine

John Y S Kim, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons

Disclosure: Received grant/research funds from Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation for principal investigator.

Jamal M Bullocks, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Chief, Plastic Surgery Service, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston Texas

Jamal M Bullocks, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association for Cancer Research, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Michael E DeBakey International Surgical Society

Disclosure: Received royalty from Thieme Publishing company for book author.

Arturo Armenta, MD Staff Physician, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

James Neal Long, MD, FACS Founder of Magnolia Plastic Surgery; Former Associate Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital and Kirklin Clinics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Section Chief of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand, and Microsurgery, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center

James Neal Long, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society, Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, Southeastern Surgical Congress

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pankaj Tiwari, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author, Saleh M Shenaq, MD†, to the development and writing of this article.

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