Medication Summary
The goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity and prevent complications. Drugs used for injuries include various NSAIDs and analgesics. The strength of the analgesics depends on the type of pain resulting from the injury.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Class Summary
NSAIDs are the drugs of choice for the initial treatment of myofascial pain.
Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Neoprofen, Ultraprin)
Ibuprofen inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis. It is used to provide relief of cervical myofascial pain.
Indomethacin (Indocin)
Indomethacin is thought to be the most effective NSAID for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, although no scientific evidence supports this claim. It is used for relief of mild to moderate pain; it inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing the activity of COX, which results in a decrease of prostaglandin synthesis.
Naproxen (Naprosyn, Naprelan, Aleve, Anaprox)
Naproxen is used for relief of mild to moderate pain; it inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing the activity of COX, which results in a decrease of prostaglandin synthesis.
Diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam XR, Zipsor, Cambia)
Diclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing COX activity, which, in turn, decreases formation of prostaglandin precursors.
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen is used for relief of mild to moderate pain and inflammation. Small dosages are indicated initially in small patients, elderly patients, and patients with renal or liver disease. Doses higher than 75 mg do not increase the therapeutic effects. Administer high doses with caution, and closely observe the patient's response.
Opioid Analgesics
Class Summary
These medications provide control of moderate to severe pain.
Hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Zolvit)
This drug combination is indicated for moderate to severe pain.
Acetaminophen with codeine (Tylenol-3)
This drug combination is indicated for mild to moderate pain.
Oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet, Endocet, Tylox)
This drug combination is indicated for the relief of moderately severe to severe pain. It is the agent of choice for aspirin-hypersensitive patients. Different strengths are available
Oxycodone and aspirin (Percodan, Endodan)
This drug combination is indicated for the relief of moderately severe to severe pain.
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Posterior long leg splinting. Measuring and applying stockinette.
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Posterior long leg splinting. Measuring padding and plaster.
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Posterior long leg splinting. Preparing and applying splint.
