Immunoglobulin D Deficiency Clinical Presentation

Updated: Dec 07, 2021
  • Author: Camellia L Hernandez, MD; Chief Editor: Michael A Kaliner, MD  more...
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Presentation

History

No specific signs or symptoms are associated with isolated immunoglobulin D (IgD) deficiency; therefore, this condition is usually discovered incidentally during immunological laboratory testing (eg, quantitative serum immunoglobulin levels).

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Physical

A patient with low immunoglobulin D (IgD) levels but no concurrent immunoglobulin deficiencies of other classes or other immune defects typically does not develop specific physical findings associated with low or absent IgD levels.

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Causes

Family studies from one report indicate that low serum immunoglobulin D (IgD) levels may be inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. [9]

Another study found several families with possible characteristics of autosomal recessive inheritance, and other families with a pattern more consistent with multiple allele involvement. This latter report also suggested an increased frequency of certain HLA antigens in individuals with low IgD levels. [10]

An HLA association has also been seen in a Basque population, which suggested a partially penetrant dominant susceptibility gene for IgD deficiency. [11] These findings have been further supported in another recent study. [12]

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Complications

Routinely monitor immunoglobulin D (IgD) deficiency patients for infections and autoimmune disease, although no reports indicate that these individuals are at increased risk. If infections develop, promptly treat patients with appropriate therapy.

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