Laboratory Studies

Blood tests

Obtain levels of troponin, CK and CK-MB for the diagnosis of myocardial infraction.

Obtain BUN and creatinine measurements to assess renal function in patients with suspected digoxin toxicity.

Other laboratory tests

Obtain levels of digoxin and electrolytes.

Imaging Studies

Obtain echocardiography to evaluate structural heart diseases.

Nuclear perfusion scanning is used to evaluate myocardial ischemia.

Coronary angiography is used to evaluate coronary artery patency.

Other Tests

Electrocardiography is the most important method for the diagnosis of accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR); AIVR can be distinguished from complete heart block on ECG.^[27]Although both show AV dissociation, in complete heart block, P waves are present preceding the QRS complex, but fail to conduct to the ventricle.

Telemetry monitoring, Holter study, event recorder, and loop recorder are often the electrocardiographic modalities from which AIVR diagnosis is established.

Treatment & Management

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Media Gallery

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm. AIVR and sinus rhythm: AIVR starts and terminates gradually, competing with sinus rhythm. A possible ventricular fusion beat (arrow) and isoarrhythmic AV dissociation (arrowheads: sinus P waves) are present. During AIVR, ectopic ventricular rate is just faster than sinus rate. AIVR has a wide QRS morphology different from the QRS morphology in sinus rhythm.
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm. AIVR in atrial fibrillation: AIVR starts and terminates gradually, competing with the ventricular capture beats (arrow) from atrial fibrillation. Ventricular fusion beat (arrowhead) is present. AIVR has a wide QRS morphology different from the QRS morphology of ventricular capture beats.
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm. Complete heart block with escaped junctional rhythm: The AV dissociation in complete heart block is not isoarrhythmic AV dissociation, because the atrial rate is much faster than the escaped junctional ventricular rate.

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Author

Nayereh G Pezeshkian, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine

Nayereh G Pezeshkian, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Ronald J Oudiz, MD, FACP, FACC, FCCP Professor of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Director, Liu Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Division of Cardiology, LA Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center

Ronald J Oudiz, MD, FACP, FACC, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Thoracic Society

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Actelion, Bayer, Gilead, United Therapeutics<br/>Received research grant from: Actelion, Arena, Gilead, GSK, Liquidia, Reata, United Therapeutics<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Actelion, Complexa, Gilead, Medtronic, Reata, United Therapeutics.

Chief Editor

Jeffrey N Rottman, MD Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Cardiologist/Electrophysiologist, University of Maryland Medical System and VA Maryland Health Care System

Jeffrey N Rottman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Robert E Fowles, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Utah College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Intermountain Medical Center and LDS Hospital; Director and Consulting Staff, Department of Cardiology, Salt Lake Clinic

Robert E Fowles, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American College of Physicians, and American Heart Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Rakesh K Sharma, MD, FACC Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine and Cardiology; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Medical Center of South Arkansas

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Vibhuti N Singh, MD, MPH, FACC, FSCAI Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Cardiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine; Director, Cardiology Division and Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Chair, Department of Medicine, Bayfront Medical Center, Bayfront Cardiovascular Associates; President, Suncoast Cardiovascular Research

Vibhuti N Singh is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, and Florida Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.