Atrial Flutter Questions & Answers

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2. Ioannidis JP. Prediction of cardiovascular disease outcomes and established cardiovascular risk factors by genome-wide association markers. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2009 Feb. 2(1):7-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

3. Olesen MS, Holst AG, Jabbari J, et al. Genetic loci on chromosomes 4q25, 7p31, and 12p12 are associated with onset of lone atrial fibrillation before the age of 40 years. Can J Cardiol. 2012 Mar-Apr. 28(2):191-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Gudbjartsson DF, Arnar DO, Helgadottir A, et al. Variants conferring risk of atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25. Nature. 2007 Jul 19. 448(7151):353-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Granada J, Uribe W, Chyou PH, et al. Incidence and predictors of atrial flutter in the general population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Dec. 36(7):2242-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

6. Ghali WA, Wasil BI, Brant R, Exner DV, Cornuz J. Atrial flutter and the risk of thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2005 Feb. 118(2):101-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Bohnen M, Stevenson WG, Tedrow UB, et al. Incidence and predictors of major complications from contemporary catheter ablation to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2011 Nov. 8(11):1661-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Biblo LA, Yuan Z, Quan KJ, Mackall JA, Rimm AA. Risk of stroke in patients with atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol. 2001 Feb 1. 87(3):346-9, A9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Stiell IG, Clement CM, Rowe BH, et al. Outcomes for emergency department patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter treated in Canadian hospitals. Ann Emerg Med. 2017 May. 69(5):562-71.e2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Rodriguez Y, Althouse AD, Adelstein EC, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of concurrently diagnosed new rapid atrial fibrillation or flutter and new reduced ejection fraction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016 Dec. 39(12):1394-403. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Saoudi N, Cosio F, Waldo A, et al. Classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according to electrophysiologic mechanism and anatomic bases: a statement from a joint expert group from the Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001 Jul. 12(7):852-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. [Guideline] Link MS, Berkow LC, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. Part 7: Adult advanced cardiovascular life support: 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2015 Nov 3. 132(18 suppl 2):S444-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

13. [Guideline] Callaway CW, Soar J, Aibiki M, et al, for the Advanced Life Support Chapter Collaborators. Part 4: Advanced life support: 2015 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Circulation. 2015 Oct 20. 132(16 suppl 1):S84-145. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

14. [Guideline] Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, et al, and the Evidence Review Committee Chair‡. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2016 Apr 5. 133(14):e471-505. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

15. Risius T, Mortensen K, Schwemer TF, et al. Comparison of antero-lateral versus antero-posterior electrode position for biphasic external cardioversion of atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol. 2009 Dec 1. 104(11):1547-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Falk RH, Pollak A, Singh SN, Friedrich T. Intravenous dofetilide, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, for the termination of sustained atrial fibrillation or flutter. Intravenous Dofetilide Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Feb. 29(2):385-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Abi-Mansour P, Carberry PA, McCowan RJ, Henthorn RW, Dunn GH, Perry KT. Conversion efficacy and safety of repeated doses of ibutilide in patients with atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Study Investigators. Am Heart J. 1998 Oct. 136(4 pt 1):632-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Stambler BS, Wood MA, Ellenbogen KA, Perry KT, Wakefield LK, VanderLugt JT. Efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous doses of ibutilide for rapid conversion of atrial flutter or fibrillation. Ibutilide Repeat Dose Study Investigators. Circulation. 1996 Oct 1. 94(7):1613-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

19. Stambler BS, Wood MA, Ellenbogen KA. Antiarrhythmic actions of intravenous ibutilide compared with procainamide during human atrial flutter and fibrillation: electrophysiological determinants of enhanced conversion efficacy. Circulation. 1997 Dec 16. 96(12):4298-306. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

20. Vos MA, Golitsyn SR, Stangl K, et al. Superiority of ibutilide (a new class III agent) over DL-sotalol in converting atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. The Ibutilide/Sotalol Comparator Study Group. Heart. 1998 Jun. 79(6):568-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

21. Alboni P, Botto GL, Baldi N, et al. Outpatient treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation with the "pill-in-the-pocket" approach. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 2. 351(23):2384-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

22. [Guideline] You JJ, Singer DE, Howard PA, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb. 141(2 suppl):e531S-e575S. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

23. Berger M, Schweitzer P. Timing of thromboembolic events after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter: a retrospective analysis. Am J Cardiol. 1998 Dec 15. 82(12):1545-7, A8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Grimm RA, Stewart WJ, Arheart K, Thomas JD, Klein AL. Left atrial appendage "stunning" after electrical cardioversion of atrial flutter: an attenuated response compared with atrial fibrillation as the mechanism for lower susceptibility to thromboembolic events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Mar 1. 29(3):582-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Welch PJ, Afridi I, Joglar JA, et al. Effect of radiofrequency ablation on atrial mechanical function in patients with atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol. 1999 Aug 15. 84(4):420-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Bertaglia E, Zoppo F, Bonso A, et al, for theNortheastern Italian Study on Atrial Flutter Ablation Investigators. Long term follow up of radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter: clinical course and predictors of atrial fibrillation occurrence. Heart. 2004 Jan. 90(1):59-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

27. Bazan V, Grau N, Valles E, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with typical atrial flutter: prevalence and impact on arrhythmia control outcome. Chest. 2013 May. 143(5):1277-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Saygi S, Drca N, Insulander P, Schwieler J, Jensen-Urstad M, Bastani H. Myocardial injury during radiofrequency and cryoablation of typical atrial flutter. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2016 Aug. 46(2):177-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Saygi S, Bastani H, Drca N, et al. Impact of cavotricuspid isthmus morphology in CRYO versus radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2017 Apr. 51(2):69-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Winkle RA, Moskovitz R, Mead RH, et al. Ablation of atypical atrial flutters using ultra high density-activation sequence mapping. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2017 Mar. 48(2):177-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

31. Rehm J, Roerecke M. Cardiovascular effects of alcohol consumption. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017 Nov. 27(8):534-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. [Guideline] Brugada J, Katritsis DG, Arbelo E, et al, for the ESC Scientific Document Group . 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardiaThe Task Force for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2019 Aug 31. 74(10):1376-414. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

33. Davenport L. New ESC guideline on SVT management: catheter ablation key. Medscape Medical News. September 2, 2019. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/917569. Accessed: September 24, 2019.

34. Coffey JO, d'Avila A, Dukkipati S, et al. Catheter ablation of scar-related atypical atrial flutter. Europace. 2013 Mar. 15(3):414-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Lin JH, Kean AC, Cordes TM. The risk of thromboembolic complications in Fontan patients with atrial flutter/fibrillation treated with electrical cardioversion. Pediatr Cardiol. 2016 Oct. 37(7):1351-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Glover BM, Chen J, Hong KL, et al. Catheter ablation for atrial flutter: a survey by the European Heart Rhythm Association and Canadian Heart Rhythm Society. Europace. 2016 Dec. 18(12):1880-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Gould PA, Booth C, Dauber K, Ng K, Claughton A, Kaye GC. Characteristics of cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for atrial flutter guided by novel parameters using a contact force catheter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2016 Dec. 27(12):1429-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Lawrence Rosenthal, MD, PhD, FACC, FHRS Professor of Medicine, Director, Section of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Director of EP Fellowship Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center

Lawrence Rosenthal, MD, PhD, FACC, FHRS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society, Massachusetts Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Cynthia Anne Ennis, DO Assistant Professor, University of Massachusetts Medical Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robert M Hayward, Jr, MD Staff Physician, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center

Robert M Hayward, Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey N Rottman, MD Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Cardiologist/Electrophysiologist, University of Maryland Medical System and VA Maryland Health Care System

Jeffrey N Rottman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Brian Olshansky, MD Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine

Brian Olshansky, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Cardiac Electrophysiology Society, and Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Guidant/Boston Scientific Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Medtronic Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Guidant/Boston Scientific Consulting fee Consulting

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

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