Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome Questions & Answers

1. Soos MP, McComb D. Lown Ganong Levine syndrome. StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

2. Derejko P, Szumowski LJ, Sanders P, et al. Atrial fibrillation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: role of pulmonary veins. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012 Mar. 23(3):280-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Clerc A, Levy R, Critesco C. A propos du raccourcissement permanent de l'espace P-R de l'electrocardiogramme sans deformation du complex ventriculaire. Arch Mal Coeur. 1938. 31:569.

4. Lown B, Ganong WF, Levine SA. The syndrome of short P-R interval, normal QRS complex and paroxysmal rapid heart action. Circulation. 1952 May. 5(5):693-706. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Burch GE, Kimball JL. Notes on the similarity of QRS complex configurations in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am Heart J. 1946 Nov. 32(5):560-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. James TN. Morphology of the human atrioventricular node, with remarks pertinent to its electrophysiology. Am Heart J. 1961 Dec. 62:756-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Brechenmacher C, Laham J, Iris L, et al. [Histological study of abnormal conduction pathways in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1974 May. 67(5):507-19. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Josephson ME, Kastor JA. Supraventricular tachycardia in Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome: atrionodal versus intranodal reentry. Am J Cardiol. 1977 Oct. 40(4):521-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Shabanian R, Kiani A, Rad EM, Eslamiyeh H. Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome in a 3-month-old infant with isolated left ventricular noncompaction. Pediatr Cardiol. 2010 Feb. 31(2):274-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Chou TC. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and its variants. Chou TC, ed. Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice, Adult and Pediatric. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1996. .:

11. Moller P. Letter: Criteria for the LGL syndrome. Am Heart J. 1976 Apr. 91(4):539-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Jackman WM, Prystowsky EN, Naccarelli GV, et al. Reevaluation of enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction: evidence to suggest a continuum of normal atrioventricular nodal physiology. Circulation. 1983 Feb. 67(2):441-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Ward DE, Camm AJ, Spurrell RA. Re-entrant tachycardia using two bypass tracts and excluding AV node in short PR interval, normal QRS syndrome. Br Heart J. 1978 Oct. 40(10):1127-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Zipes DP, DeJoseph RL, Rothbaum DA. Unusual properties of accessory pathways. Circulation. 1974 Jun. 49(6):1200-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Ward DE, Camm AJ, Spurrell RAJ. Dual AH pathways in patients with and without the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Br Heart J. 1981. 45:356.

16. Benditt DG, Pritchett LC, Smith WM, Wallace AG, Gallagher JJ. Characteristics of atrioventricular conduction and the spectrum of arrhythmias in Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Circulation. 1978 Mar. 57(3):454-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Denes P, Wu D, Dhingra RC, et al. Demonstration of dual A-V nodal pathways in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 1973 Sep. 48(3):549-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Mandel WJ, Danzig R, Hayakawa H. Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. A study using His bundle electrograms. Circulation. 1971 Oct. 44(4):696-708. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Douglas JE, Mandel WJ, Danzig R, Hayakawa H. Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Circulation. 1972 May. 45(5):1143-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Durrer D, Schuilenburg RM, Wellens HJ. Pre-excitation revisited. Am J Cardiol. 1970 Jun. 25(6):690-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Mahaim I. Kent's fibers and the A-V paraspecific conduction through the upper connections of the bundle of His-Tawara. Am Heart J. 1947 May. 33(5):651-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Ometto R, Thiene G, Corrado D, et al. Enhanced A-V nodal conduction (Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome) by congenitally hypoplastic A-V node. Eur Heart J. 1992 Nov. 13(11):1579-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Caracta AR, Damato AN, Gallagher JJ, et al. Electrophysiologic studies in the syndrome of short P-R interval, normal QRS complex. Am J Cardiol. 1973 Feb. 31(2):245-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Wiener I. Syndromes of Lown-Ganong-Levine and enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction. Am J Cardiol. 1983 Sep 1. 52(5):637-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Bauernfeind RA, Ayres BF, Wyndham CC, et al. Cycle length in atrioventricular nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia with observations on the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1980 Jun. 45(6):1148-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Bauernfeind RA, Swiryn S, Strasberg B, et al. Analysis of anterograde and retrograde fast pathway properties in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways: observations regarding the pathophysiology of the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1982 Feb 1. 49(2):283-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Ward DE, Camm J. Mechanisms of junctional tachycardias in the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Am Heart J. 1983 Jan. 105(1):169-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Hattori T, Makiyama T, Akao M, et al. A novel gain-of-function KCNJ2 mutation associated with short-QT syndrome impairs inward rectification of Kir2.1 currents. Cardiovasc Res. 2012 Mar 15. 93(4):666-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Shah A, Hocini M, Haissaguerre M, Jaïs P. Non-invasive mapping of cardiac arrhythmias. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2015 Aug. 17 (8):60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Wasmer K, Eckardt L. Management of supraventricular arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart. 2016 Jun 16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Daniel M Beyerbach, MD, PhD Medical Director, Cardiac Rhythm Program, The Christ Hospital; Affiliate Clinical Assistant Professor of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University

Daniel M Beyerbach, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Jose M Dizon, MD Professor of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Electrophysiology Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Attending Physician, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center

Jose M Dizon, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Justin D Pearlman, MD, ME, PhD, FACC, MA Chief, Division of Cardiology, Director of Cardiology Consultative Service, Director of Cardiology Clinic Service, Director of Cardiology Non-Invasive Laboratory, Chair of Institutional Review Board, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine

Justin D Pearlman, MD, ME, PhD, FACC, MA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, Radiological Society of North America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Christopher Cadman, MD Decatur Memorial Hospital Heart and Lung Institute

Christopher Cadman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Christopher Cadman, MD, contributed to the original version of this article.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article