First-Degree Atrioventricular Block Questions & Answers

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9. Alkoutami GS, Reeves WC, Movahed A. The safety of adenosine pharmacologic stress testing in patients with first-degree atrioventricular block in the presence and absence of atrioventricular blocking medications. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999 Sep-Oct. 6(5):495-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Suda K, Raboisson MJ, Piette E, et al. Reversible atrioventricular block associated with closure of atrial septal defects using the Amplatzer device. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 May 5. 43(9):1677-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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13. Oldroyd SH, Quintanilla Rodriguez BS, Makaryus AN. First degree heart block. StatPearls [Internet]. 2022 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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15. Mymin D, Mathewson FA, Tate RB, Manfreda J. The natural history of primary first-degree atrioventricular heart block. N Engl J Med. 1986 Nov 6. 315(19):1183-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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17. Cheng S, Keyes MJ, Larson MG, et al. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block. JAMA. 2009 Jun 24. 301(24):2571-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. Park SJ, On YK, Byeon K, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes depending on electrical dyssynchrony markers in patients presenting with acute heart failure: clinical implication of the first-degree atrioventricular block and QRS prolongation from the Korean Heart Failure registry. Am Heart J. 2013 Jan. 165(1):57-64.e2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Uhm JS, Shim J, Wi J, et al. First-degree atrioventricular block is associated with advanced atrioventricular block, atrial fibrillation and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with hypertension. J Hypertens. 2014 May. 32(5):1115-20; discussion 1120. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Crisel RK, Farzaneh-Far R, Na B, Whooley MA. First-degree atrioventricular block is associated with heart failure and death in persons with stable coronary artery disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Eur Heart J. 2011 Aug. 32(15):1875-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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22. Lewalter T, Purerfellner H, Ungar A, et al, for the INSIGHT XT study investigators. "First-degree AV block-a benign entity?" Insertable cardiac monitor in patients with 1st-degree AV block reveals presence or progression to higher grade block or bradycardia requiring pacemaker implant. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2018 Aug. 52(3):303-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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25. Makaryus JN, Catanzaro JN, Goldberg S, Makaryus AN. Rapid progression of atrioventricular nodal blockade in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Emerg Med. 2008 Oct. 26(8):967.e5-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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27. Schnittger I, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Diastolic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography in patients with atrioventricular block: new insight into the mechanism of atrioventricular valve closure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988 Jan. 11(1):83-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Barold SS, Herweg B. Conventional and biventricular pacing in patients with first-degree atrioventricular block. Europace. 2012 Oct. 14(10):1414-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. [Guideline] Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, et al. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices) developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 May 27. 51(21):e1-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

Jamshid Alaeddini, MD, FACC, FHRS Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology Services, Lake Health System

Jamshid Alaeddini, MD, FACC, FHRS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Theodore J Gaeta, DO, MPH, FACEP Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College; Vice Chairman and Program Director of Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital; Academic Chair, Adjunct Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, St George's University School of Medicine

Theodore J Gaeta, DO, MPH, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, New York Academy of Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine, Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine, Alliance for Clinical Education

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael D Levine, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Section of Medical Toxicology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California

Michael D Levine, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Medical Toxicology, American Medical Association, Phi Beta Kappa, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Residents' Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jamshid Shirani, MD Director of Cardiology Fellowship Program, Director of Echocardiography Laboratory, Director of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic, St Luke's University Health Network

Jamshid Shirani, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Federation for Medical Research, American Society of Echocardiography, Association of Subspecialty Professors, American College of Cardiology, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Brian Olshansky, MD, FESC, FAHA, FACC, FHRS Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine

Brian Olshansky, MD, FESC, FAHA, FACC, FHRS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Cardiac Electrophysiology Society, European Society of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Astra Zeneca, Artivion<br/>DSMB.

Jose M Dizon, MD Professor of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Electrophysiology Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Attending Physician, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center

Jose M Dizon, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Eddy S Lang, MDCM, CCFP(EM), CSPQ Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine; Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Canada

Eddy S Lang, MDCM, CCFP(EM), CSPQ is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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