Overview
What is hypertensive encephalopathy?
What is the pathophysiology of hypertensive encephalopathy?
What causes hypertensive encephalopathy?
Which patient groups are at highest risk for hypertensive encephalopathy?
What is included in patient education about hypertensive encephalopathy?
Presentation
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of hypertensive encephalopathy?
Which physical findings are characteristic of hypertensive encephalopathy?
What are possible complications of hypertensive encephalopathy?
DDX
Which conditions should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypertensive encephalopathy?
What are the differential diagnoses for Hypertensive Encephalopathy?
Workup
What is the role of lab tests in the workup of hypertensive encephalopathy?
What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of hypertensive encephalopathy?
Treatment
What is the focus of the initial treatment for hypertensive encephalopathy?
What is included in ICU care of patients with hypertensive encephalopathy?
Which medications are used in the treatment of hypertensive encephalopathy?
What is included in acute monitoring of patients with hypertensive encephalopathy?
How is hypertensive encephalopathy prevented?
Medications
What is the goal of drug treatment for hypertensive encephalopathy?
-
Papilledema. Note the swelling of the optic disc, with blurred margins.
-
Hypertensive retinopathy. Note the flame-shaped hemorrhages, soft exudates, and early disc blurring.